7 15 244 https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/52c1f325b006551724fa34dbbb2a89fb.jpg cc4bfb1304153eabcd011087af0f6df1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hadrian Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 134-138 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped and bare-headed bust of Hadrian facing right; HADRIANVS AVG(VSTVS) CO(N)S(VL) III P(ATER) P(ATRIAE): Hadrianus Augustus, consul for the third time, father of the country. Reverse: Virtus in armor standing facing right, left foot on helmet, holding spear in right and parazonium in left; VIRTVTI AVG(VSTI): to the Virtus of the Augustus. Style/Period: Roman Empire Although Hadrian does not age in his portraits, this head differs from earlier examples in its somewhat more realistic approach. This bare-headed portrait in particular shows his characteristic hairstyle, his curly hair brushed forward from the back of his head. The reverse depicts Virtus, the personification of military courage, who is a frequent figure on Roman coins. She is female because the Latin word is feminine. Her dress, a short tunic that bares her right breast, resembles that of an Amazon. She is fully armed, with a helmet, spear, and parazonium or short sword. The legend on this coin indicates that the Virtus in question is that of the emperor himself, the Augustus. Although Hadrian was more interested in peace than war, he was careful to emphasize his military strength by having himself depicted in military dress and by using the standard military types on his coins. -- Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage II: Vespasian to Hadrian (London 1926) 287. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.163 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Coin Galleries, February 27, 1959. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, Hadrian, Virtus, armor, helmet, spear, parazonium Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Hadrian, 7.11 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/a6b38dcfb58774243e58657c2d442fc5.jpg 2b09ebbade2b6ec074343aeeb4dc6f2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hadrian Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 134-138 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Bare head of Hadrian facing right; HADRIANVS AVG(VSTVS) CO(N)S(VL) III P(ATER) P(ATRIAE): Hadrianus Augustus, consul for the third time, father of the country. Reverse: Hadrian, draped and veiled, standing to the left, holding patera over altar; to left, victimarius raising ax to kill bull, soldier with spear, flute player, and boy attendant; VOTA PVBLICA: public vows. Style/Period: Roman Empire Always a restless man, Hadrian traveled extensively in his determination to secure the empire and inspect the provinces and his troops. From 121 to 133 CE he was almost constantly away from Rome, and when he finally returned he made public sacrifices to repay the vota, the vows or prayers that had been made for his welfare and safe return. These coins might also have been issued later to refer to vows taken in connection with the twentieth anniversary of his accession. The reverse of this coin depicts in detail the occasion of the sacrifice. Hadrian is veiled in his role of pontifex maximus or chief priest of the state. He extends a patera or offering bowl over an altar while the victimarius, the attendant who kills the animal being sacrificed, raises his ax above the head of a bull. Other attendants, including a flute player, watch the emperor. -- Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage II: Vespasian to Hadrian (London 1926) 289. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.164 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Abner Kreisberg, October 5, 1970. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, Hadrian, patera, altar, ax, bull, sacrifice, soldier, spear, flute, musician, boy Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Hadrian, 7.17 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/52e666687394df952b3b3a75c6cb7c88.jpg 8004f901508b6e6fe5d6cd97bc044b97 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hadrian Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 128-137 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped and diademed bust of Sabina facing right.; SABINA AVGVSTA HADRIANI AVG(VSTI) P(ATER) P(ATRIAE): Sabina Augusta, wife of Hadrian Augustus, father of the country. Reverse: Concordia seated facing left, extending patera in right hand and leaning left elbow on figure of Spes; CONCORDIA AVG(VSTA): Concordia Augusta. Style/Period: Roman Empire In 101 CE Hadrian married Vibia Sabina, a great-niece of Trajan, probably an indication that he was intended as Trajan's heir. Late sources report that her marriage to Hadrian was very unhappy, but little is certainly known of her life. She was made Augusta in 128 CE and coins were struck with her portrait and title. Sabina died in 136 or 137 CE and was deified by Hadrian. Posthumous coins were also issued in her honor. Sabina differs from most women of the Flavian and Trajanic period in her very simple hair, which is merely pulled back and held in a loose queue. She wears the diadem that accompanies the title Augusta. The reverse depicts the personification of harmony and concord, Concordia, who was worshiped as a goddess and who was a very popular coin type. She has many attributes; here she is depicted with the patera or offering bowl and with a small statue of Spes, the personification of hope. -- Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage II: Vespasian to Hadrian (London 1926) 398. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.168 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Abner Kreisberg, 1961. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, Sabina, Concordia, patera, Spes, Hadrian Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Hadrian, 7.17 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/d7fd857ce0d39989a6988a11e1efc1a6.jpg 8c0291c8ced0b859b31e0be4ab6dcb5c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Antoninus Pius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 152-153 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Antoninus Pius facing right; ANTONINVS AVG(VSTVS) PIVS P(ATER) P(ATRIAE) TR(IBVNICIA) P(OTESTATE) XVI: Antoninus Augustus Pius, father of the country, with tribunician power for the sixteenth time. Reverse: Liberalitas standing to left, with four-dotted tessera (?) in right hand and vindicta in left; LIBERALITAS VII CO(N)S(VL) IIII: seventh liberality, consul for the fourth time. Style/Period: Roman Empire Hadrian adopted Antoninus Pius as his heir in 138 CE, compelling him in turn to adopt Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, who were too young to be made direct successors. Hadrian died the same year, and Antoninus convinced the Senate to consecrate his predecessor as divine (hence, probably, the name Pius, "faithful to familial obligations"). Antoninus's reign, unlike those of his successors, was relatively free from war, although there were uprisings in Dacia, Germany, and Britain. On the obverse, Antoninus, who took up Hadrian's custom of wearing a full beard, resembles a Greek philosopher. Although traditionally scholars distinguish three portrait bust types for Antoninus, all of his numismatic portraits seem to conform to the first of these, which is distinguished by a full head of wavelike hair, with three central locks over the forehead (most likely a reference to Augustus). This coin commemorates the seventh of Antoninus's nine congiaria or liberalities, distributions of money to individuals on a dole list. This particular congiarium marks his fifteenth anniversary as emperor. Such gifts of money are commonly celebrated on Roman coinage, but only with Hadrian, in whose footsteps Antoninus often follows, does the named personification Liberalitas appear. The exact nature of the object that Liberalitas holds in her right hand is unclear. The most likely explanations are that it is an abacus, used in apportioning the coinage; a tessera or tile, bearing the list of recipients of the congiarium; or a scoop for obtaining coins from the pile. The vindicta is the rod characteristic of Libertas, the personification of individual freedom; here Liberalitas may be confused (as she is elsewhere) with Libertas. -- Malcolm Pettingell Hyman, LU '93 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus (London 1930) 229; C. Foss, Roman Historical Coins (London 1990) 131 no. 76a. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.171 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Abner Kreisberg, December 19, 1970. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, cuirass, Antoninus Pius, Liberalitas, vindicta Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Antoninus Pius, 7.24 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/dd9831473adb2cd39ba6d2107729bd77.jpg dfe330bba1a467ea70116f043829b443 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Antoninus Pius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 154-155 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped and cuirassed bust of Marcus Aurelius facing right; AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG(VSTVS) PII F(ILIVS): Aurelius Caesar Augustus, son of Pius. Reverse: Helmeted Virtus/Roma standing to left with Victoria in right hand and parazonium in left; TR(IBVNICIA) POT(ESTATE) VIIII CO(N)S(VL) II: with tribunician power for the ninth time, consul for the second time. Style/Period: Roman Empire Under Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius was clearly destined for the throne. He received the highest honors of the state, including the consulate for the first time in 140 CE and tribunician power on the birth of his first child in 146 CE. He had married the emperor's daughter Faustina the Younger in 145 CE. In his portraits Marcus Aurelius continues the general type of his adoptive father, Antoninus Pius, with the curly hair and beard reminiscent of Greek philosopher portraits. The type was retained by all members of the Antonine family. The military types on coins of this period may refer to the rebellion in Britain, but the personification of Virtus (compare 91.163), manly courage (especially in military affairs), is generally appropriate to a young man destined to become emperor. Perhaps Virtus (a female personification, because of the gender of the Latin word) is here to be identified also with Roma, who is depicted with similar dress and attributes. -- Malcolm Pettingell Hyman, LU '93 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage III: Antoninus to Commodus (London 1930) 464 a. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.178 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Abner Kreisberg, 1970. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, cuirass, Marcus Aurelius, helmet, Virtus, Roma, Victoria, parazonium Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Antoninus Pius, 7.35 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/e10a6106b468663ba8864f1a46dbdca6.jpg 2fabf934e8f3884e21391f5ba16125c4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Antoninus Pius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource after 141 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped bust of Faustina the Elder facing to the right; DIVA AVG(VSTA) FAVSTINA: Divine Faustina Augusta. Reverse: Fortuna standing to left, holding patera in right hand and rudder on globe in left; AETERNITAS: Aeternitas. Style/Period: Roman Empire Annia Galeria Faustina (the Elder) married Antoninus Pius about 110 CE. She bore him four children, two sons and two daughters, one of whom, Faustina the Younger, was destined to be the wife of her cousin and future emperor, Marcus Aurelius. Faustina the Elder received the title Augusta upon Antoninus' accession in 138 CE. She died in 141 CE. Antoninus, who was devoted to her, had her consecrated and honored her memory with an extensive series of coins, a temple, and a charity for poor orphan girls (see 91.174). In her portraits Faustina wears her hair in many small braids gathered together and piled on top of her head in a bun. Her fleshy, matronly face may reflect her appearance at the time of her death. Although the legend on the reverse is Aeternitas or eternity, the figure has the attributes of Fortuna, and on other coins the same legend is accompanied by different figures. The legend must then refer to the undying memory of the empress and the various figures to her virtues. The usual attribute of Fortuna is the rudder with which she guides the world, represented by a globe. -- Kathleen L. Metzger Newmyer, LU '94 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus (London 1930) 349a. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.173 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from L.S. Werner, March 11, 1960. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, Faustina the Elder, Fortuna, patera, rudder, globe , Antoninus Pius Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Antoninus Pius, 7.25 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/536028156b5905f9b3e8474954495a28.jpg 33d68fa7e6ec60ac7efd11ddfc497a2c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Antoninus Pius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource after 141 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped and diademed bust of Faustina the Elder facing right; DIVA AVG(VSTA) FAVSTINA: Divine Faustina Augusta. Reverse: Antoninus seated facing left on platform with woman beside him on his right; both lean forward to receive girl held forward by man standing facing right; in front of platform, a man rushes forward, extending another girl; PVELLAE FAVSTINIANAE: the girls of Faustina. Style/Period: Roman Empire The most interesting feature of this coin is its reverse, which refers to the Puellae Faustinianae or the Girls of Faustina, the charity that Antoninus Pius established in memory of his wife, Faustina the Elder, after her death in 141 CE. The charity was to provide for the poor girls of the city. The figures on the coin would be Antoninus and with him probably Faustina receiving the little girls who are to be the recipients of their charity. The portrait on the obverse depicts Faustina with her hair braided and piled on top of her head, as in no. 98, but her face on this coin appears thinner and more youthful. Here she also wears a diadem. -- Kathleen L. Metzger Newmyer, LU '94 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus (London 1930) 399a. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.174 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Edward Gans, Aug. 7, 1959. Ex Morgan collection. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, Antoninus Pius, Faustina the Elder, girl Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Antoninus Pius, 3.58 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/f50b4919b16d88704b0343fc296053e7.jpg c2180154af015f8007112210ea8acec6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Antoninus Pius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 146-161 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped bust of Faustina the Younger facing left; FAVSTINA AVG(VSTA) PII AVG(VSTI) FIL(IA): Faustina Augusta, daughter of Pius Augustus. Reverse: Dove facing right; CONCORDIA: Concordia. Style/Period: Roman Empire Faustina the Younger, daughter of Antoninus Pius and Faustina the Elder and wife of Marcus Aurelius, was a refined and elegant woman doted upon by her father and her husband. Both men honored her on their coins. It is assumed that the coins whose legends identify her as the daughter of Antoninus were issued by him and that those that do not use his name were issued by Marcus Aurelius. Many marble portraits of Faustina survive, and the portrait on the obverse of this coin issued by Antoninus has the elaborate hairstyle of her youthful portraits, parted in the center, waved around the face, and braided into a bun at the back. Concordia, the concept of peace and harmony, is represented by a dove on the reverse. -- Kathleen L. Metzger Newmyer, LU '94 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus (London 1930) 503. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.182 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought at Münzen und Medaillen auction, January 30, 1984. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, Faustina the Younger, dove, Antoninus Pius Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Antoninus Pius, 7.30 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/aacb273adf876a61d3d64ff7738641ee.jpg d47bdd7254d4ae774cc95174cf451bdf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Antoninus Pius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 146-161 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped bust of Faustina the Younger facing right; FAVSTINA AVG(VSTA) PII AVG(VSTI) FIL(IA): Faustina Augusta, daughter of Pius Augustus. Reverse: Venus standing facing left, holding apple in right hand and scepter in left; S(ENATVS)-C(ONSVLTO): by decree of the Senate; VENVS: Venus. Style/Period: Roman Empire Female members of the imperial family were often associated with major goddesses of the Roman Pantheon such as Juno, Ceres, and Venus. Venus in particular was identified with empresses. On this sestertius of Antoninus Pius in honor of his daughter Faustina the Younger, Venus holds an apple, the prize she was awarded when judged the most beautiful goddess in the Judgment of Paris. After Faustina's death and consecration, her husband, Marcus Aurelius, erected an altar to her before the temple of Venus. -- Kathleen L. Metzger Newmyer, LU '94 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus (London 1930) 1387. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.183 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Munzen and Medaillen, 6/19/1972. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, Faustina the Younger, Venus, apple, scepter, Antoninus Pius Title A name given to the resource (Copper/bronze/brass) Sestertius of Antoninus Pius, 27.16 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/842858904571ec626889330f2c7e46a5.jpg 6ff56d7e73a4174cb7d46017f07d3d95 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marcus Aurelius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 164 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Cuirassed bust of Marcus Aurelius facing right; ANTONINVS AVG(VSTVS) ARMENIACVS: Antoninus Augustus, restorer of Armenia. Reverse: Victoria right facing shield inscribed VIC(TORIA) AVG(VSTI): Victory of the Augustus; P(ONTIFEX) M(AXIMVS) TR(IBVNICIA) P(OTESTATE) XVIII IMP(ERATOR) II CO(N)S(VL) III: Pontifex maximus, with tribunician power for the eighteenth time, imperator for the second time, consul for the third time. Style/Period: Roman Empire Marcus Aurelius became emperor upon Antoninus Pius' death on March 7, 161 CE and arranged for Lucius Verus to be co-regent with him; this was the first occurrence of full collegiality in the principate. Although today Marcus Aurelius is best known as the quintessential Stoic philosopher-ruler, the greater part of his effort was spent in military affairs. The title Armeniacus in the legend is connected with the recovery of Armenia from the Parthians in 163-164 CE, which the coin celebrates. The reverse is a type frequently used for a victory; here the shield states specifically that the emperor is responsible for the victory (Victoria Augusti). The portrait of Aurelius on the obverse belongs to the third of his portrait types, of which the most widely known instance is the equestrian statue that originally stood in front of the Lateran Palace (and that Michelangelo placed in the center of the Campidoglio). A mature look and long beard with divided parallel locks characterize portraits belonging to this type; one cannot escape noticing on these coins the additional emphasis on Aurelius' already prominent nose. Portraits of Aurelius tend to be works with considerable psychological depth. -- Malcolm Pettingell Hyman, LU '93 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus (London 1930) 88; C. Foss, Roman Historical Coins (London 1990) 136, no. 21. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.179 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Abner Kreisberg, 1970. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, Marcus Aurelius, Victoria, shield Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Marcus Aurelius, 7.13 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/ad720ec79c951039fb91554d49238f34.jpg 3e0b2504e3f196a34421f0bac365fa3f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marcus Aurelius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 163-164 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate head of Marcus Aurelius facing right; M(ARCVS) AVREL(IVS) ANTONINVS AVG(VSTVS) ARMENIACVS P(ONTIFEX) M(AXIMVS): Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus, restorer of Armenia, pontifex maximus. Reverse: Mars standing facing right, with spear in right hand and shield in left; S(ENATVS)-C(ONSVLTO): by decree of the Senate; TR(IBVNICIA) P(OTESTATE) XVIII IMP(ERATOR) II CO(N)S(VL) III: with tribunician power for the eighteenth time, imperator for the second time, consul for the third time. Style/Period: Roman Empire Aurelius' first serious problem after his accession was the invasion of Armenia by the Parthians. In 162 CE Aurelius' co-regent, Lucius Verus, went to the East to deal with the problem, and his victory there in 164 CE re-established Roman control of the area. This coin (see also 91.179) refers to his initial victory, which was the occasion for Aurelius' second donative (a donativum or donative was the gift of money to soldiers, typically in celebration of a military victory; the civilian equivalent was called a congiarium-see 91.171). The reverse appropriately depicts Mars, the god of war. He is depicted with his usual attributes, wearing a cuirass and helmet and holding his spear and shield. -- Malcolm Pettingell Hyman, LU '93 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus (London 1930) 861. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.180 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Purchased from Edward Gans 1959. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, Marcus Aurelius, Mars, spear, shield, Marcus Aurelius Title A name given to the resource (Copper/bronze/brass) Sestertius of Marcus Aurelius, 24.98 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/97f2e1c16fe4eea25a9d1a6fa3eecd8f.jpg a7343820b707776cece69ea67e8aa953 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marcus Aurelius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 169 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate and cuirassed bust of Marcus Aurelius facing right; M(ARCVS) ANTONINVS AVG(VSTVS) ARM(ENIACVS) PARTH(ICVS) MAX(IMVS): Marcus Antoninus Augustus, restorer of Armenia, great conqueror of the Parthians. Reverse: Aequitas seated facing left with scales in right hand and cornucopia in left; TR(IBVNICIA) P(OTESTATE) XXII IMP(ERATOR) V CO(N)S(VL) III: with tribunician power for the twenty-second time, imperator for the fifth time, consul for the third time. Style/Period: Roman Empire The title Parthicus maximus in the legend refers to the victory over the Parthians in 165 CE, Armeniacus (see 91.179) to the earlier victory in Armenia. Aurelius' co-regent, Lucius Verus (see 91.184), also held both these titles. The obverse portrait belongs to the same type as 91.179. The personification of Aequitas (Equity) on the reverse is a frequent and generic type on imperial coinage; her message seems merely to be that the emperor is creating responsible economic and financial policy. She is depicted with her usual attributes, the scales referring to fairness in commercial transactions and the cornucopia, a symbol of economic prosperity. -- Malcolm Pettingell Hyman, LU '93 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus (London 1930) 190. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.177 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from L.S. Werner, 1959. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, cuirass, Marcus Aurelius, Aequitas, cornucopia Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Marcus Aurelius, 7.33 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/90b8e6d10a450732e599a842a14bf0b8.jpg 3f8b2fd8e2ca093ae2a1dcf1f3c7e35f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marcus Aurelius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 159 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped bust of Faustina the Younger facing right; FAVSTINA AVGVSTA: Faustina Augusta. Reverse: Faustina standing facing right, with infant in left arm; a small girl standing on either side reaches toward her; FECVNDITATI AVGVSTAE: for the fruitfulness of the Augusta. Style/Period: Roman Empire Faustina the Younger (see 91.182, 91.183), daughter of Antoninus Pius and Faustina the Elder, married her cousin, Marcus Aurelius, in 145 CE at the age of fifteen. She had thirteen children. After the birth of her first child in 146 CE she received the title Augusta and began to appear on coins. She travelled with Aurelius on his military campaigns, which earned her the title Mater Castrorum, Mother of the Camps, and it was on one of these trips to the East that she died in 176 CE. Aurelius deified her, erected an altar to her, gave her the title Pia or Pius, and at his request the village in Cappadocia where she died was renamed Faustinopolis. This coin celebrates Faustina as the mother of the imperial family, depicting her with three of her children, Faustina, Lucilla, and Fadilla in 159 CE. Only four of her children survived to adulthood, three girls and the future emperor Commodus (see 91.188). -- Kathleen L. Metzger Newmyer, LU '94 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus (London 1930) 679. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.181 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Coin Galleries, December 12, 1959. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, Faustina the Younger, infant, girl, Marcus Aurelius Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Marcus Aurelius, 7.19 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/a432107946dcf5efbdcb0f1fb3ba30ed.jpg 59ae44d9612b33dff3339ff16d1a2b4c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lucius Verus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 165 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate head of Lucius Verus facing right; L(VCIVS) VERVS AVG(VSTVS) ARM(ENIACVS) PARTH(ICVS) MAX(IMVS): Lucius Verus Augustus, restorer of Armenia, great conqueror of the Parthians. Reverse: Emperor on horseback facing right, thrusting spear at fallen enemy; TR(IBVNICIA) P(OTESTATE) V IMP(ERATOR) III CO(N)S(VL) II: with tribunician power for the fifth time, imperator for the third time, consul for the second time. Style/Period: Roman Empire Lucius Verus was co-regent with Marcus Aurelius from 161 CE until 169 CE. He was in charge of military campaigns in the East during the years 163-166 CE. This coin celebrates the Armenian and Parthian victories during that period. For this military activity he, along with Marcus Aurelius, bears the titles Armeniacus and Parthicus (see 91.177). The obverse portrait is related to a sculpted portrait type of Verus. The type resembles that of his adoptive father, Antoninus, and brother, Marcus Aurelius, in its curly hair and beard, but Verus has a hooked nose, a considerably lower brow, and he lacks the upward gaze and inspired look of Aurelius. The reverse illustration of the emperor on horseback over a fallen enemy (here either Parthian or Armenian) is a common type. This is the numismatic equivalent of the imperatorial equestrian statue, of which the only extant example is the famous equestrian statue of Marcus Aurelius (see 91.179). Today the statue lacks the trampled barbarian (the equivalent of the fallen warrior on this coin) that would originally have been under the horse's right front leg. -- Malcolm Pettingell Hyman, LU '93 Bibliography: H. Mattingly and E.A. Sydenham, The Roman Imperial Coinage III: Antoninus Pius to Commodus (London 1930) 545. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.184 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Coin Galleries, December 12, 1959. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, Lucius Verus, horse, spear, enemy, battle Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Lucius Verus, 7.45 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/61bd8b9a70bb58c987fe2519c75a273a.jpg 89c0dec78112131e76956bf8cc7a7cc8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Commodus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 187 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate and cuirassed bust of Commodus facing right; M(ARCVS) COMMODVS ANTONINVS PIVS FELIX AVG(VSTVS) BRIT(ANNICVS): Marcus Commodus Antoninus Pius, fortunate Augustus, restorer of Britain. Reverse: Tellus reclining facing left with starred globe on right and fruit basket at left; the Four Seasons march over the globe; in exergue, TELLVS STABIL(ITA): Mother Earth made steady; P(ONTIFEX) M(AXIMVS) TR(IBVNICIA) P(OTESTATE) XII IMP(ERATOR) VIII CO(N)S(VL) V P(ATER) P(ATRIAE): Pontifex maximus, with tribunician power for the twelfth time, imperator for the eighth time, consul for the fifth time, father of the country. Style/Period: Roman Empire Marcus Aurelius' son Commodus was born in 161 CE. He held the title Caesar from 166 CE until 177 CE, when he became co-emperor with Aurelius. Commodus acceded to the throne as sole emperor at Marcus Aurelius' death in 180 CE. Commodus' reign was largely peaceful, but trouble occurred with the violation of the Antonine Wall in Britain, and Commodus gained the title Britannicus upon the victory in Britain of 184 CE. The title felix, also from 184 CE, refers to the success in Britain and perhaps as well to military success in Sarmatia. Commodus was contemptuous of the Senate, increasingly autocratic, and in the end mad, associating himself with numerous divinities and especially with Hercules, engaging in gladiatorial games and renaming Rome Colonia Commodiana. He was assassinated in 192 CE. The obverse portrait belongs to the type of Commodus' later portraits; he is in his late twenties and has a full and detailed beard. The reverse depicts Tellus (Mother Earth); since she has been "stabilized," this image can be viewed as sending the perhaps much-needed message that foreign affairs are in the emperor's allegedly capable hands. Many medallions such as this were minted during the Roman imperial period. They differ in size and weight from ordinary coinage. Other than the fact that they are typically commemorative, their function remains somewhat obscure; it is clear, however, that they were not financial instruments in general circulation. A greater variety of mythological scenes is illustrated on medallions than on ordinary coinage, and the medallion seems to occupy a niche as a showcase for especially detailed artistic depiction and excellent craftsmanship. -- Malcolm Pettingell Hyman, LU '93 Bibliography: J.P.C. Kent, Roman Coins (London 1978) no. 359. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.188 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Bank Leu, 1983. Subject The topic of the resource Roman, Empire, cuirass, Commodus, Tellus, globe, fruit, basket Title A name given to the resource (Copper/bronze/brass) Medallion of Commodus, 57.43 g.