6 15 244 https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/552396f819fe3b185c1c4dd9b244e44b.tif 1f9fd7f251266ac3a926cf150204eec5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 211 - 200 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate head of Jupiter facing right. Border of dots. Reverse: Victory facing right, placing wreath on trophy of arms; [R]OMA in exergue. Line border. Style/Period: Roman Republic The victoriatus or victoriate began to be minted c. 215 BCE. Along with the quadrigatus, it was one of the first silver coins produced by the mint in Rome and had a set value of 7 and 1/2 bronze asses. The first victoriate with these types probably commemorated the conquest of Corcyra and Illyricum by the Romans in 229 BCE. This coin was probably issued during the first years of the Second Punic War for commercial purposes. The victoriate continued to be issued throughout the war but was discontinued shortly after the introduction of the denarius system (see coin C003). -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 36, no. 295; E. A. Sydenham, "The Victoriate," Numismatic Chronicle 12 (1932) 73-95; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 8, no. 83; H. Mattingly, "The Victoriate," Numismatic Chronicle 17 (1957) 97-119; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 154, no. 44/1; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans (London 1978), I, 27, no. 59. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C002 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection. Provenance unknown. Title A name given to the resource Anonymous, silver denarius (victoriatus), 3.00 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/9973f88269fec4a56be793490ed5f0c6.tif cf584fa2247ce38f336503738c6760ca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anonymous Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 215 - 212 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Roma facing right, wearing crested Attic helmet; behind, mark of value, · . Reverse: Prow heading right; above, ROMA; below, mark of value, · . Style/Period: Roman Republic The head on the obverse is probably Roma, the personification of the city of Rome. The prow design on the reverse is similar to that of bronze asses of the time (see coin C003). The circular dot on both sides served as a mark of value denoting the coin as an uncia. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 23, no. 109; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 10, no. 108; R. Thomsen, Early Roman Coinage, II (Copenhagen 1961), 40-48; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974), 151-152, no. 41/10. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C001 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection. Provenance unknown. Title A name given to the resource Bronze uncia, 3.44 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/28480be795b71cfc7d10b95118cc463a.jpg b779b99a6c6d0d09eb2089e2be10cf3b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ephesos (Ephesus) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 87-84 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped bust of Artemis wearing stephane and quiver over left shoulder. Reverse: Polymastoid cult statue of Artemis of Ephesos, wearing polos, wreath around head, arms spread and propped up by three-footed supports; to left of feet, a stag; to right of feet, a bee. On either side of head, Ε Φ: Ephesos. Style/Period: Hellenistic This coin of Ephesos, a city of ancient Ionia, was probably issued to commemorate the revolt of the province of Asia from Rome in 88-84 BCE. Unlike the Ephesian coins that preceded it, the coin bears no Roman magistrate’s name, and instead patriotically refers to the city’s main claim to fame, its Temple of Artemis, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Originally built in the mid-6th century BCE and rebuilt after a disastrous fire in the 4th century BCE, the temple housed a famous cult statue, which is depicted on this coin to advertise the city’s independence from Rome. The obverse of the coin depicts the city’s patron deity as a huntress, with her quiver over her left shoulder. On the reverse is the famous cult statue, whose many-breasted form probably refers to her association with fertility. She stands with libations pouring from her huge outstretched hands. The turreted polos on her head represents the city’s walls. On the base of the statue are a stag and a bee. The stag refers to Artemis the huntress. The bee is a symbol associated with Artemis at Ephesos; her priestesses were called by the title Melissa or “Bee.” On either side of her head are Greek letters abbreviating the name of the city. -- Frederick Breslow, LU ‘11 Bibliography: B. V. Head, Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics (1911, Chicago reprint 1967) 576; G. W. Elderkin, “The Bee of Artemis,” American Journal of Philology 60 (1939) 203-213; O. Mørkholm, Early Hellenistic Coinage from the Accession of Alexander to the Peace of Apamea (336-188 B.C.) (Cambridge 1991) 25-26, fig 657. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2001.089 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Harlan J. Berk, Chicago, IL Title A name given to the resource Gold Stater of Ephesos (Ephesus), 8.46 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/11ef6d05cb8175d63d0aafd6dde29747.jpg 5bdc2a2cc5cb946d7ce7ff00075b19d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhegion, (Rhegium), Bruttium, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 480-466 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Mule cart being driven to right by bearded charioteer Reverse: Running hare; RECINON retrograde: Rhegion Style/Period: Early Classical Greece Anaxilas was tyrant of Rhegium in 494 BCE. When the Samians fled Samos after the failed Ionian revolt, Anaxilas enlisted them to invade Zankle. The invasion was a success, and after taking the city, Anaxilas expelled the Samians and renamed the city “Messana” after his home Messene in the Peloponnese. Anaxilas and his family ruled the two cities as tyrants until their expulsion in 461 BCE, and both cities produced joint issues of coins. This coin is a victory coin. Between the years 480 and 413 BCE, beginning with the defeat of Carthage and ending with the failed Athenian expedition, victory coins were being struck around Sicily. Most depicted fast-moving chariots, but this drachm depicts a mule cart on the obverse, perhaps because, according to Aristotle (fr. 578R), Anaxilas won an Olympic victory with a mule cart. Aristotle also explains the hare on the reverse, claiming that Anaxilas introduced hares into Sicily. This claim has been interpreted to mean that he actually did introduce the animal, or that he introduced these coins, popularly known as ‘hares’ (on analogy with the ‘owls’ produced by Athens), but since the hare appears with the god Pan on later coins of Messana, the hare may refer to the cult of Pan that was brought to Messana and Rhegion by the Messenians who originally settled Messana. -- Chris Fuelling, LU '16 Bibliography: C. M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1976) 214-215 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Edward Gans, June 12, 1959 Title A name given to the resource Silver drachm of Rhegion (Rhegium), 4.31 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/fec52fd7fadc3fa252ba253b8ada54bb.jpg 1a47653910238e5723ce04fc3a0a10f5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sikyon (Sicyon), Greece Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 400-323 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Chimaera to left; below, ΣΙ: Sikyon abbreviated Reverse: Dove flying to left; Νο in right field Style/Period: Late Classical Greece Located not far from Corinth on the Corinthian Gulf, Sikyon was a wealthy city famous for its sculptors and painters. With the decline of Aeginetan coinage after the Athenian conquest of Aegina in 431 BCE, Sikyon became one of the major Peloponnesian mints until the time of Alexander the Great. The chimaera on the obverse is a fire-breathing monster with the forepart of a lion, the middle part a she-goat, her head rising from its back, and the tail of a serpent. Its significance on the coinage is not certain, but it has been suggested that, since it was a creature that endangered Sikyon’s frequent enemy, Corinth, it was taken up as a symbol of their rivalry. The dove on the reverse is an attribute of Aphrodite, who had a sanctuary in Sikyon and whose chryselephantine cult statue by the sixth-century sculptor Kanachos was one of the principal monuments of the city (Pausanias, Description of Greece II.10.4). -- Rebecca H. Luhmann Levine, LU '93 Bibliography: B. V. Head, Historia Numorum : A Manual of Greek Numismatics (1911, Chicago reprint 1967) 409-412; A Catalogue of the Coins in the British Museum: Peloponnesus (Bologna 1963) 46, no. 118; C. M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1976) 98-99. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.072 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Ex Lockett collection. Purchased from Edward Gans, September 25, 1959 Title A name given to the resource Silver Hemidrachm of Sikyon, 2.87 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/0e9dd1219eca3d7b58bb1c896fb2d5c3.jpg dcdca70404578e1d5f20754f4aa1fc8a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Syracuse, Sicily, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 269-215 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Veiled and diademed head of Queen Philistis to left; flaming torch in field at right. Reverse: Nike in racing quadriga to right; beneath horses’ legs, Ε; ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΑΣ ΦΙΛΙΣΤΙΔ[ΟΣ]: of Queen Philistos. Style/Period: Hellenistic Hieron II ruled over a peaceful period in Syracusan history. In 269 BCE, he and his wife Philistis took the royal title and diadem. Hieron issued a very large series of this denomination, featuring a portrait of his wife. Although the head on the obverse is generalized and ideal, it should be considered a portrait of Queen Philistis because her name is on the reverse. The portrait was probably modeled on the dekadrachms of Ptolemy II of Egypt, which depicted his wife Arsinoë with a very similar veil and diadem. The coins were also issued on the Ptolemaic weight standard, and it seems likely that Hieron intended to compare himself and his queen to the rulers of the Ptolemaic dynasty. The reverse depicts a racing quadriga reminiscent of the quadrigas on the reverses of the great late-fifth-century Syracsuan coins (see coins 91.032 91.033). The Hellenistic coin shows a greater understanding of perspective, which was still being worked out in the Classical coins. -- Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum: Sicily (Bologna 1963) 213, no. 552; P. R. Franke, “Historisch-numismatische Probleme der Zeit Hierons II von Syracus,” Jahrbuch für Numismatik und Geldgeschichte 9 (1958) 57-85. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.040 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Edward Gans, March, 1959 Title A name given to the resource Silver 16 litrai of Syracuse, 13.27 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/8dff1b91da73222ea08d39406c6b546e.jpg 1b3bb3cccc39dbfa1359803cd82e0c01 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Syracuse, Sicily, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 310-289 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Apollo to left, with long hair and laurel wreath; bow in right field. Reverse: Tripod; ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΩΝ: of the Syracusans. Style/Period: Early Hellenistic This coin is another indication of the importance of the cult of Apollo at Syracuse. The head on the obverse is the same type as the head on the 100 litrai coin (see coin 91.038), but on the smaller coin the Syracusan ethnic has been transferred to the reverse. The tripod on the reverse is another attribute of Apollo; the priestess of his oracle at Delphi, the Pythia, sat in it to receive the god’s prophecies. The date of this coin, like the date of the electrum 100 litrai, is uncertain, but a date at the end of the reign of the tyrant Agathokles seems most likely. -- Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: G. K. Jenkins, “Electrum Coinage at Syracuse,” in Essays in Greek Coinage presented to Stanley Robinson, C. M. Kraay and G. K. Jenkins, eds. (Oxford 1968) 145-162. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.039 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased in Münzen und Medaillen auction, July 11, 1978 Title A name given to the resource Electrum 50 litrai of Syracuse, 3.66 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/023682e38beb9443763054d119ee982e.jpg c9f766a1bab4d3252b7ddb416a18c5ea Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Syracuse, Sicily, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 310-289 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Apollo to left, with long hair and laurel wreath; bow in right field; ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΩΝ: of the Syracusans Reverse: Head of Artemis to right, hair bound with fillet, quiver at her shoulder; bow in left field; ΣΩΤΕΙΡΑ: Soteira. Style/Period: Early Hellenistic This coin depicts two major deities of Syracuse, the brother and sister Apollo and Artemis. Apollo, who had had a temple on the Syracusan island of Ortygia from the sixth century BCE, wears his attribute the laurel wreath. Another of his symbols, the miniature bow in the right field, may be an issue mark. On the reverse, Artemis is characterized as “deliverer.” She had played an important role in Syracuse from its founding by Corinth in 734/33, when the island of Ortygia was consecrated to her. The quiver and bow refer to her connection with hunting. The date of this coin is uncertain, but because its weight is lower than that of other Syracusan electrum coins of the period, Jenkins suggested that it could be later than the others, and he did not rule out a date after the death of Agathokles in 289 BCE. -- Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: G. K. Jenkins, “Electrum Coinage at Syracuse,” in Essays in Greek Coinage presented to Stanley Robinson, C. M. Kraay and G. K. Jenkins, eds. (Oxford 1968) 145-162. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.038 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased in Münzen und Medaillen Auction 61, October 7, 1982. Title A name given to the resource Electrum 100 litrai of Syracuse, 6.99 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/c92b908177b76dcb01a8e3ab2394aca3.jpg 8f45497258247ac7f838fb304216072b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Syracuse, Sicily, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 305-295 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Persephone to right, wearing earring, necklace, and wreath of corn leaves; ΚΟΡΑΣ: of Kore. Reverse: Nike erecting trophy to right; triskeles in right field; monogram in left field; ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΕ[ΟΣ]: of Agathokles. Style/Period: Early Hellenistic On this coin, as on his drachms, Agathokles of Syracuse combines types referring to local cults and his own military successes (see coin 91.036). On the obverse, Persephone is identified by the inscription as Kore, the title usually gives her as daughter of Demeter. With her mother she was associated with crops and the seasons, and their cult was an important one throughout agricultural Sicily. She wears a wreath of corn in her long, flowing hair. The reverse commemorates Agathokles’ victory over the Carthaginians in 305 BCE. Nike erects a trophy of military equipment, a thorax, greaves, and shield. In addition to his symbol, the triskeles, Agathokles has added his name to the reverse; the monogram probably stands for his brother Antandros. -- Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: K. Jenkins, Coins of Greek Sicily (London 1966) 29. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.037 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Bank Leu, June 1, 1972 Title A name given to the resource Silver Tetradrachm of Syracuse, 17.09 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/53ea1bd1f1dbe56620818a567e3762a2.jpg 16e2efc205df829bf63edd075c08fe39 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Syracuse, Sicily, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 317-310 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Apollo to left, wearing laurel wreath. Reverse: Biga in full gallop to right; below, triskeles; ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΩΝ: of the Syracusans. Style/Period: Early Hellenistic Agathokles, the tyrant of Syracuse from 317 until 289 BCE, borrowed the types for this coin from the gold staters of Philip II of Macedon and his successors (see coin 91.058), thereby establishing a currency immediately recognizable throughout the Greek world. He also issued staters that were influenced by the coinage of Alexander the Great (see coin 91.035). The general types are also very similar to those of Philip’s coins. Apollo, depicted on the obverse, was also important in his own right in Syracuse; he had had a temple there since the early sixth century. The head of Apollo has the fleshiness and intensity in the eyes that are often associated with portraits of Alexander the Great and that became widespread characteristics of late-fourth-century heads. The racing biga here, as on Philip’s coins, could refer generally to Agathokles’ victories over the Carthaginians. Whereas Philip had placed his name in the exergue of the reverse, Agathokles put his own personal stamp, the three-legged symbol called triskeles, beneath the horses of the reverse. This coin is usually dated to the early part of his rule. -- Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: G. K. Jenkins, “Electrum Coinage at Syracuse,” in Essays in Greek Coinage presented to Stanley Robinson, C. M. Kraay and G. K. Jenkins, eds. (Oxford 1968) 145-162. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.036 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Abner Kreisberg, October 14, 1971 Title A name given to the resource Gold Drachm of Syracuse, 4.29 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/0ad2093f7331c21e37f0be26c866b9f1.jpg 88162766d8f0d85be9eabea1472581fc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Syracuse, Sicily, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 304-289 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Athena to right, wearing Corinthian helmet with crest and running griffin, earring, and necklace. Reverse: Winged thunderbolt; ΑΓΑΘΟΚΛΕΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΟΣ: of King Agathokles; below, monogram. Style/Period: Hellenistic Although Athena was important in her own right in Syracuse, where she had had a temple since the early fifth century, the primary significance of the type of the obverse of this coin is that it copies the obverse of gold staters and distaters issued by Alexander the Great and his successors (see coins 91.055, 91.056). In associating himself with Alexander, one of the great conquerors of all time, Agathokles refers to his own military successes over the Carthaginians. The type also resembles the reverse of the coins of Corinth, which were minted and widely circulated in Sicily after the Corinthian tyrant Timoleon liberated Syracuse from the tyrant Dionysios II and established himself there in 344 BCE. The reverse depicts the winged thunderbolt usually associated with Zeus. The title of basileus or king has been added to Agathokles’ name, the first royal title ever taken by a Syracusan ruler; in this he was influenced by the precedent of Hellenistic successors of Alexander in the east, who began adopting the title in 404 BCE (see coin 91.096). -- Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum: Sicily (Bologna 1963) 199, no. 419 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.035 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased in Bank Leu auction, May 8, 1979. Title A name given to the resource Gold Stater of Syracuse, 5.77 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/3d0c372f61befe4cb9fd6d04e3c3b2eb.jpg c2bb424274673445f7370adc5e156cf2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Syracuse, Sicily, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 380-367 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Arethusa to left, wearing necklace and earring, hair in sphendone with eight-pointed stars, pellet behind neck. Check. Double-struck. Reverse: Young nude Herakles kneeling to right, wrestling Nemean lion. Style/Period: Late Classical Greece The reign of Dionysios I, the tyrant of Syracuse from 405 until 367 BCE, was marked by almost continual struggles with the Carthaginians for control of Sicily. His large denominations like this gold 100 litrai piece (equivalent to two silver dekadrachms) were probably issued largely for the purpose of paying his mercenaries. Some of these coins were signed by Euainetos (see coin 91.032), but this coin does not bear the signature of the artist. The gold issues are thought to have begun c. 380 BCE, since examples in relatively good condition were found in a hoard in eastern Sicily deposited c. 360 BCE. The obverse depicts the head of the Syracusan nymph Arethusa, her hair bound in a sphendone or net decorated with stars. The reverse depicting Herakles’ struggle with the supposedly invincible Nemean lion may refer to Dionysios’ struggles with Carthage. The coin is doublestruck, its design pressed into the metal twice, leaving the images on the obverse and reverse blurred and poorly defined. -- Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: G. de Ciccio, Gli aurei siracusani di Cimoni e di Evaneto (Naples 1922) XV, 44, pl. 39; G. Seltman, Greek Coins2 (London 1955) 128; K. Jenkins, Coins of Greek Sicily (London 1966) 29-30; C. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1976) 232. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.034 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Ottilia Buerger Collection. Ex Santa Barbara Museum of Art. Purchased in Malter auction, March 20, 1975 Title A name given to the resource Gold 100 litrai of Syracuse, 5.80 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/6db32d0c74a317013bb2787f3d02d7a7.jpg a2682742f36f378298dee36376f2a994 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Syracuse, Sicily, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 450-430 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Charioteer driving slow biga to right; Nike flying above, crowning horses Reverse: Head of Arethusa to right, surrounded by four dolphins; ΣΥΡΑΚ[Ο]ΣΙΟ[Ν] Style/Period: High Classical Greece This coin depicts the traditional victorious chariot and the Syracusan nymph Arethusa (see coin 91.029), now rendered in the High Classical style. This style, dominant from 450 to 400 BCE, reflects an even more naturalistic and less linear approach to the surface of the figures than the Severe Style (compare coin 91.030). Modeling creates areas of light and shade in the musculature of the horse, and the forms of the charioteer’s body are revealed through his clinging drapery. Arethusa’s unusual hairstyle, wrapped four times with a thin cord, is another of the numerous stylistic changes that she will undergo down into the fourth century. The dolphins encircling her head are not so rigidly constrained by the original geometric form which established their arrangement in the Archaic coin (see 91.030). ---Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: E. Boehringer, Die Münzen von Syrakus (Berlin, Leipzig 1929) 672; A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum: Sicily (Bologna 1963) 161, no. 119. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.031 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Seaby's, October 12, 1972. Title A name given to the resource Silver Tetradrachm of Syracuse, 17.42 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/81124d45c1c9005ccf64d7abff174301.jpg 0e6e1ddad74c3b0f800b0b6fa63157af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Syracuse, Sicily, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 474-450 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Arethusa to right, wearing earring, necklace, and diadem of beads. Reverse: Sepia; ΣΥΡΑ: Syracuse abbreviated. Style/Period: Early Classical Greece The litra, equivalent to one-fifth of a drachm, is the standard denomination of the native Sicel currency. Although the obverse of this coin has the usual depiction of the Syracusan nymph Arethusa (see coin 91.029), the reverse differs from the quadriga that usually accompanied her on the Syracusan coins of the Greek monetary system based upon the drachm. Arethusa, the nymph of the fresh-water spring at Syracuse, is depicted here in the Severe Style characteristic of Greek art of the period c. 480-450 BCE. This style reflects a more naturalistic approach to the body than the Archaic style (coin 91.029), which can be seen in the proportions and smoother transitions in the facial features. The sepia on the reverse is a type of cuttlefish, probably a reference to the rich sea life of the harbor at Syracuse. -- Kelly Swett Riordan, LU '93 Bibliography: E. Boehringer, Die Münzen von Syrakus (Berlin, Leipzig, 1929) 423. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.030 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Bank Leu, June 1, 1972. Title A name given to the resource Silver litra of Syracuse, 0.76 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/e52ec98e96680647902117bf20d259ea.jpg 9b5023a6656a784d924848d096e0ad48 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Croton (Kroton), Bruttium, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 420-390 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Eagle standing to right on Ionic capital; olive branch to right. Reverse: Tripod with lion-paw feet; in left field, grain of barley; ϘΡΟΤ (KROT) upward at right: Kroton abbreviated. Style/Period: Greek (Classical) Kroton was founded by the Achaeans c. 710 BCE, on instructions from the oracle of Apollo at Delphi. The reverse of this coin refers to the founding by displaying the Delphic tripod, in which the priestess of the oracle sat while giving prophecies. Kroton was also well known for its athletics, so the tripod could also refer to the prizes given in athletic games. The grain of barley could be present to advertise a local product or to refer to the city’s wealth. The obverse pays tribute to the athletic dominance of Kroton by depicting an eagle standing on an Ionic capital. The eagle was a symbol of Zeus, to whom the Olympic Games were dedicated; a similar eagle on an Ionic capital occurs on contemporary coins of Elis, which controlled the sanctuary at Olympia (Head, 423, fig. 232). Brenna Ori, LU '17 Bibliography: B. V. Head, Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics (Oxford 1911; reprint Chicago 1967) 94-96; C. M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1976) 167, 181. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought at Coin Galleries Auction, April 3, 1971. Title A name given to the resource Silver stater from Kroton, 7.40 g.