16 15 244 https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/df20579ca4c105fb287bc09f2e6c9511.jpg a50b9da43c5f184abcd202a973dfbbb7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tarentum (Taras), Calabria, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 272-235 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Boy-rider crowning horse to left; above and beneath horse, ΣΥ-ΛΥΚΙ-ΝΟΣ: Sylykinos. Reverse: Taras or Phalanthos riding dolphin to left and wielding trident in right arm; owl in right field;ΤΑΡΑΣ: Taras. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) According to tradition, Taras was founded in 706 B.C. by colonists from Sparta. The story of its foundation is reflected in its most familiar coin type, a figure riding on a dolphin. Some identify the figure as Phalanthos, the leader of the Spartan colonists who was shipwrecked before he reached Taras but saved by a dolphin that carried him ashore (Pausanias, Description of Greece, 10.13.10). Whether Phalanthos was an historical figure is not known; he was worshipped as a hero in Taras. Others identify the figure as Taras, the local hero for whom the city was named, particularly since the figure is usually accompanied by the name Taras. A son of the sea god Poseidon, he too was saved from a shipwreck by a dolphin sent by his father. According to the account of Pausanias, both Phalanthos and Taras, as well as the helpful dolphin, were featured in a fifth-century statuary group set up by the Tarantines in the sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi to commemorate a victory over barbarians from the north. When the dolphin rider was moved to the reverse of the coins in the late fifth century, he was replaced on the obverse by the famous Tarantine horsemen, who were depicted on the coins for another two hundred years with considerable diversity and inventiveness. The horsemen cannot be specifically identified; they range from boys to youths, from nude to armed, and engage in a wide variety of equestrian activities, perhaps alluding to athletic games held at Taras. The nude rider on this coin crowns his horse, probably in celebration of victory in a contest. -- Carol L. Lawton Bibliography: A.J. Evans, "The 'horsemen' of Tarentum," Numismatic Chronicle 1881, 1 ff.; G.C. Brauer, Jr., Taras: its History and Coinage (New Rochelle, NY 1986). Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.004 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Edward Gans, Jan., 1959. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, boy, rider, horse, Taras, Phalanthos, dolphine, trident, owl, Tarentum, Calabria, Italy Title A name given to the resource Silver Stater of Tarentum (Taras), Calabria, Italy, 6.29 g https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/bc199dadcd011d312000b120184d2d09.jpg 96fd9efdb81e744702da42111c737d0f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gela, Sicily, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 490 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Helmeted and bearded nude horseman hurling spear with right hand. Reverse: Forepart of a swimming man-headed bull swimming right; ΓΕΛΑΣ retrograde: Gelas. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) According to Thucydides (History 6.4), the colony of Gela was founded in 680 B.C. by Rhodians and Cretans. It was located on a fertile plain near the mouth of the river Gela, for which the city was named. In the late sixth and early fifth centuries the city flourished under the tyrants Hippokrates and Gelon, until Gelon seized Syracuse and moved part of the Geloan population there. The rider of the obverse probably refers generally to the Geloan aristocracy, which was known for its horse-breeding and equestrian abilities; the city was also famous for its cavalry, which the large number of didrachms produced in this period may have been intended to pay. The type could also refer more specifically to the tyrant who first introduced the type, either Hippokrates, whose name means "strong as a horse" or Gelon, who was a hipparch or cavalry commander under Hippokrates. The nude rider has the sharply emphasized musculature and the combination of nearly frontal torso and profile legs that are characteristic of late Archaic art. The man-faced bull, which is the main coin-type of Gela in the fifth century, is a standard type for the Greek river god Acheloos, but here as elsewhere it probably represents the local river god. Its frontal eye in the profile head and highly patterned beard are also characteristic of Archaic art. -- Kathleen L. Metzger Newmyer, LU '94 Bibliography: G.K. Jenkins, The Coinage of Gela, 2 vols. (Berlin 1970), 186 no. 47, pl. 3. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.023 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Coin Galleries, February 21, 1962. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, helmet, horseman, spear, swimming, man-headed bull, Gela, Sicily, Italy Title A name given to the resource Silver Didrachm of Gela, Sicily, Italy, 8.56 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/1715109a005715080d46dd0a6ac3dcfb.jpg 69557fdd60c792b2e746944d490361c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Metapontum (Metapontion), Lucania, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 330-300 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Demeter facing to right, wearing wreath with barley ears and leaves, necklace, and single-drop earring; ΔΑ in small letters below chin. Reverse: Ear of barley; plough over leaf in right field, Μ below; ΜΕΤΑ upward at left: Metapontion abbreviated. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) Metapontion, located in a rich coastal plain on the Gulf of Taranto, became very prosperous through agriculture, and an ear of barley, probably its main agricultural product, is the consistent reverse type on its coins. The city became so wealthy through its agriculture that it dedicated a "golden harvest" in the sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi (Strabo, Geography 6.264) that some have thought might have been golden sheaves of grain. The pattern of types on the staters of Metapontion, with frequently changing heads on the obverse and the unchanging city badge, barley, on the reverse, was established in the fifth century and continued until the end of Metapontion's coinage. In the second half of the fourth century, the head is usually that of Demeter or perhaps Persephone, either of whom is appropriate for her role in protecting crops and especially grain. The head with its wreath of grain was probably inspired by Euainetos' similar head of the nymph Arethusa on late fifth-century Syracusan coins (see 91.032). -- Carol L. Lawton Bibliography: A. Johnston, The Coinage of Metapontum, Part 3 (American Numismatic Society Numismatic Notes and Monographs 164, New York 1990) 13-16. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Edward Gans, Jan., 1959. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, Demeter, barley, leaf, necklace, earring, plough above leaf, Metapontum, Metapontion, Lucania, Italy Title A name given to the resource Silver Stater of Metapontum (Metapontion), Lucania, Italy, 7.79 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/503bb16e18668f7aeca94d42c83c5edb.jpg 34c448eb1eeda1f7e37c29b13d98fdde Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Terina, Bruttium, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 440 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: In olive wreath, head of the nymph Terina facing left wearing an ampyx and a double necklace with pendants. Reverse: Nike seated facing left on overturned hydria, holding wreath in right hand and kerykeion in left hand; ΤΕΡΙΝΑΙΟΝ: of the Terinans. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) Terina was a colony founded by Kroton on the western coast of Italy in the late seventh or sixth century. The site of the ancient city is unknown and little is known of its history, but like other Greek colonies in Italy and Sicily, it had coinage of high quality. Its coinage began c. 460 BCE, but it did not issue large numbers of coins until the second half of the fifth century, when this coin was struck. The local nymph Terina appears on the obverse of all the city's coins. Her image varies over time, often apparently influenced by the depictions of the nymph Arethusa on the coins of Syracuse, with emphasis on the elaborate hairstyle, headband, and jewelry. On this coin she has unusual, tightly waved hair rolled around an ampyx or headband, which covers most of her forehead. The winged female on the reverse is Nike, but as depicted here, seated on an overturned water jug, she is perhaps also identified with Terina, the city's eponymous nymph and protectress of its local water source. She wears a chiton and himation and holds two of Nike's typical attributes, a wreath referring to victory and a kerykeion or herald's staff associated with peace and prosperity. -- Carol L. Lawton Bibliography: R.R. Holloway and G.K. Jenkins, Terina (Bellinzona 1983). Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.021 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought at Stack's auction sale, June, 1969. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, olive wreath, nymph, Terina, ampyx, necklace, Nike, hydria, wreath, kerykeio, Terina, Bruttium, Italy Title A name given to the resource Silver Stater of Terina, Bruttium, Italy, 7.75 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/9dbfbcacfd93f6ddda62aed5c6f044db.jpg 0d320fdd264bcc93693357967d781c15 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aenus (Ainos), Thrace, Turkey Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 412-410 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Hermes wearing petasos facing right Reverse: In incuse, goat facing right; kerykeion in right field; ΑΙΝΙ: abbreviation for "of the Ainians." Style/Period: Greek (ancient) Ainos was a Greek colony on the northeastern coast of the Aegean. Its location on the mouth of the river Hebros made it an important shipping center for agricultural exports from the interior of Thrace. Though not the first in eastern Thrace, its mint dominated regional coinage soon after its first issues c. 475 BCE. From the beginning its die-cutters rejected the usual animal types used by most mints of the area and instead used a series of beautiful heads of the chief god of Ainos, Hermes, as its obverse type. Hermes, the messenger god and patron of merchants and herdsmen, was probably worshiped at Ainos from early times. According to legend, a wooden statue of the god washed ashore at the mouth of the Hebros, where local fishermen caught it in their nets. They failed to recognize it and threw it back into the sea, only to catch it again. The statue was finally set up in a sanctuary, and an oracle of Apollo told Ainos to worship it along with the local gods. An armless and legless image on the reverse of some coins of Ainos is probably meant to represent the primitive statue. As the god of the marketplace and commerce, Hermes is also appropriate to Ainos. On this coin he wears his characteristic petasos or broad-rimmed hat. The reverse depicts a goat, reference to Hermes' role as the divine herdsman. In front of it is a kerykeion, Hermes' heraldic staff, one of a number of symbols on the reverses which changed with each issue. --Peter A. Martens, LU '96 Bibliography: J.M.F. May, Ainos, its history and coinage (Oxford 1950). Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.044 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. From Edward Gans Mail Bid Sale no. 16, April 29, 1960. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, god, Hermes, petasos, goat, kerykeion, Aenus, Ainos, Thrace, Turkey Title A name given to the resource Silver Tetradrachm of Aenus (Ainos), Thrace, Turkey, 16.44 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/2af690b20182352f2f8f97e6d637b4dc.jpg 29ff3e6460e0442f34ac213561e4baf6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Larissa, Thessaly, Greece Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 360-350 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Facing head of nymph Larissa. Reverse: Grazing horse facing right; ΛΑΡΙΣΑ: Larissa abbreviated. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) Larissa, one of the principal towns of Thessaly, was one of the first cities of the area to issue coins and remained an important mint until it was absorbed by Macedonia (see also 91.063). The first coins used federal types shared with other Thessalian towns, but at the end of the fifth century Larissa adopted its own obverse type, the head of the local nymph, Larissa. The facing nymph shows the obvious influence of the facing nymph Arethusa on the coins of Syracuse, introduced by the famous die-engraver Kimon in the last decade of the fifth century (see 93.007). This version of Arethusa was imitated by numerous mints in Greece and even in Persia and became the stereotypical type for nymphs, as useful in Thessaly as in Sicily. The reverse depicts a grazing horse, probably a reference to the horses and the cavalry for which Thessaly was famous. Thessaly was a country of plains which provided excellent grazing ground for its cattle and horses. --Peter A. Martens, LU '96 Bibliography: C.M. Kraay, Greek Coins (New York 1966) 338. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.064 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Spink and Son, 1972. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, nymph, Larissa, horse, youth, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece Title A name given to the resource Silver Drachm of Larissa, Thessaly, Greece, 6.10 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/d2a56f1acceee7668e72cce04445dabd.jpg 54b9fd73226380c00bc045745264e98b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carthago (Carthage), Zeugitana, Tunisia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 260 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Tanit/Demeter/Persephone facing left, wearing triple-drop earring, pendant necklace, and crown of grain. Reverse: Horse standing to right with head turned back. Style/Period: Carthaginian (ancient) The obverse of this tridrachm depicts the chief Carthaginian goddess, Tanit, or one of the chief Sicilian goddesses, Demeter or Persephone, whose cult was introduced at Carthage to atone for the Carthaginian destruction of their temples in the late fifth century B.C. (see 91.042). The type is based on the Arethusa by Euainetos on Syracusan dekadrachms (see 91.041) and shares the same general hairstyle, the thin remnant of Arethusa's reeds at the crown, and the triple-drop earring, but it also has stalks of grain in its wreath that have encouraged identification with the agricultural goddesses Demeter and Persephone. The horse on the reverse probably refers to the foundation legend of Carthage. According to that story, Juno showed the Phoenicians the future site of Carthage by indicating where they should dig up a horse's head, which would be a symbol of their military prowess (Virgil, Aeneid 1.441-44). -- Kathleen L. Metzger Newmyer, LU '94 Bibliography: G.K. Jenkins and R.B. Lewis, Carthaginian Gold and Electrum Coins (London 1963) 391. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.043 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Bank Leu, 1987. Subject The topic of the resource Carthaginian, Tanit, Demete, Persephone,grain, horse, Carthago, Carthage, Zeugitana, Tunisia Title A name given to the resource Gold Tridrachm of Carthago (Carthage), Zeugitana, Tunisia, 12.39 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/44780b54f1785cb12d9dddf5832168e4.jpg e2e88c21c43c3d4ad952c4e7d8551ce1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tarsus (Tarsos), Cilicia, Turkey Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 378-372 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Facing female head. Reverse: Helmeted and bearded head of Ares/satrap facing right; bunch of grapes in left field; in right field, TRDMW: the name Datames in Aramaic. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) Tarsos was one of a number of partially Hellenized cities along the southern coast of Asia Minor that were subjects of Persia in this period. In the 370's the mint at Tarsos issued coins for the satraps (provincial Persian governors) Pharnabazus and Datames, joint commanders of an expedition to recapture Egypt. For this purpose they issued a large number of coins apparently designed to appeal simultaneously to their own subjects and to the Greek mercenaries in the force. The coins relied heavily upon Greek prototypes. The female head on the obverse of this coin was inspired by the famous facing head of the nymph Arethusa by Kimon on late fifth-century Syracusan tetradrachms (see 93.007). Many Greek cities had also adapted the famous image for their coins (see 93.008, 91.063, 91.064, 91.085, 93.009). Whether at Tarsos the head was given a specific local identity or whether it was simply appropriated because of its associations with well-known Greek coins is unknown. On the reverse is the head of a bearded warrior in an elaborate helmet with upturned cheek-piece. Although the figure is male, the image was probably modelled on the helmeted Athena of Attic tetradrachms (see 91.069). Persians and others able to read the Aramaic name to the right of the head would have recognized in it their leader Datames, although the fact that the same type was used for Pharnabazus indicates that the head was not actually a portrait. The Greek mercenaries at the same time could have seen it as their war god, Ares. The bunch of grapes behind the head may also refer to the fertility god Ba'al, who is depicted holding a bunch of grapes on other coins of this time issued by Datames. -- Carol L. Lawton Bibliography: P. Naster, "Les statères ciliciens de Pharnabaze et de Datame à types communs," Kraay-Mørkholm Essays; Numismatic Studies in Memory of C.M. Kraay and O. Mørkholm, G. Le Rider et al., eds. (Louvain-la-Neuve 1989) 191-201. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.088 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Ex Frederick Knobloch collection; Stack's, 1970. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, female, helmet, Ares, grapes, Tarsus, Tarsos, Cilicia, Turkey Title A name given to the resource Silver Stater of Tarsus (Tarsos), Cilicia, Turkey, 10.73 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/809895716db4b212b9e589ea7ff64813.jpg 4be97f1fcff9cf7cf0440073f8e5bc14 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Larissa, Thessaly, Greece Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 340 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Facing head of nymph Larissa. Reverse: Horse facing right with youth mounting; ΛΑΡΙΣΑ: Larissa. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) When Larissa ceased minting the federal coins it shared with other Thessalian towns and adopted its own coinage in the late fifth century BCE, it chose local types for its coins. The obverse depicted the local fountain nymph Larissa, for whom the town was named, probably inspired by the famous coins of Kimon depicting the Syracusan nymph Arethusa (see 91.064, 93.007). The reverse depicted a horse in various poses. The horse was an appropriate symbol of Thessaly, a land of plains which was well-known for its horses. The male figure accompanying the horse on this coin appears to be ready to mount. He should perhaps be seen as the eponymous hero of the Thessalians, Thessalos, who is probably also to be identified on many of the earlier, federal coins of Thessaly. --Peter A. Martens, LU '96 Bibliography: C.M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1976) 115-117. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.063 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Coin Galleries, 1971. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, nymph, Larissa, horse, youth, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece Title A name given to the resource Silver Drachm of Larissa, Thessaly, Greece, 5.93 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/fc4db8d9bd7e3cec72fc028ecb252ce8.jpg c3c1c2aced609a88b1c561c9c3da30be Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carthage, Zeugitana, Tunisia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 320-310 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Tanit/Demeter/Persephone facing left, wearing triple-drop earring, pendant necklace, and wreath of grain. Reverse: Standing horse facing right; two pellets behind front legs. Style/Period: Carthaginian (ancient) Carthage, the important Phoenician trading city on the northern coast of Africa, first produced silver coins in Sicily in the second half of the fifth century for use in transactions with the Greek colonies there and later for paying its troops attempting to gain control of the island (see 91.041). In contrast to this Siculo-Punic coinage, the coinage of Carthage itself begins only in the early to mid-fourth century, its large denominations entirely gold and electrum. The images on Carthaginian coinage, like those of the Siculo-Punic issues, are a mixture of Greek and Carthaginian types. The head on the obverse of this stater is usually identified as Tanit, the main deity of Carthage, but the head is clearly based upon the head of the nymph Arethusa by Euainetos on Syracusan dekadrachms (see 91.032). Tanit is the Carthaginian equivalent of Juno. The head has also been identified as Demeter or Persephone, the important agricultural goddesses of Sicily, because, unlike Arethusa, she has ears of grain in her wreath. The cult of Demeter and Persephone was established in Carthage in 396 BCE, in atonement for the destruction of their temples during the Carthaginian invasion of Sicily. The horse appears in various forms on both Carthaginian and Siculo-Punic coins (see 91.041, 91.043). It may refer to the Carthaginian foundation legend, in which the goddess Juno pointed out the future site of Carthage by showing the Phoenicians the spot where they would discover a horse's head in the ground (Virgil, Aeneid 1. 441-44; see 91.041). -- Kathleen L. Metzger Newmyer, LU '94 Bibliography: G.K. Jenkins and R.B. Lewis, Carthaginian Gold and Electrum Coins (London 1963) 225. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.042 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Ex Santa Barbara Museum of Art; Malter, 1975. Subject The topic of the resource Carthaginian, gpddess, Tanit, Demeter, Persephone, grain, horse, Carthago, Carthage, Zeugitana, Tunisia Title A name given to the resource Electrum Stater of Carthago (Carthage), Zeugitana, Tunisia, 7.60 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/f96ba221f7275f480db79ff8d5c41086.jpg 1cce179cca39dcb659bad9c87e45415c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aspendus (Aspendos), Pamphylia, Turkey Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4th Century BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: In circle of dots, two wrestlers engaged; Π between them. Reverse: In dotted incuse square, slinger wearing short chiton discharging right; triskeles in right field; ΕΣΤfΕΔΙΙΥΣ: of Aspendos in local dialect and Greek script. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) Aspendos was a Greek colony and strategic port and naval base in Persian territory, on the river Eurymedon in Pamphylia. There were no coins issued in the area until c. 460 BCE, after which Aspendos struck large numbers of coins on the Persian weight standard, widely used in western Asia Minor. Beginning about 400 BCE Aspendos issued a new series of staters, which were struck to the end of the fourth century. These depict wrestlers on the obverse and a slinger on the reverse. The types are unusual for their detailed depiction of full-length bodies in active athletic poses. It has been suggested that the slinger was chosen for the similarity of the Greek word for sling, sphendone, to the name of the town. In the right field of the reverse is the city's badge, the triskeles, three human legs connected in a wheel-like formation, which had occupied a more prominent position on the obverse of earlier Aspendian coins. -- Rebecca H. Luhmann Levine, LU '93 Bibliography: C.M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley and Los Angeles (1976); N. Olçay and O. Mørkholm, "The Coin Hoard from Podalia," Numismatic Chronicle, 1971, pp. 18-29. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.087 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Coin Galleries, 1971. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, wrestlers, slinger, chiton, triskeles, Aspendus, Aspendos, Pamphylia, Turkey Title A name given to the resource Silver Stater of Aspendus (Aspendos), Pamphylia, Turkey, 10.85 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/738fa3fc705a8bcea2b0f898776e60bf.jpg 98cc1cc17ae92d1fe0ddfe81477d9d2b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Argos, Argolis, Greece Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 322-229 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of wolf facing right; ΣΙ above. Reverse: In incuse square, large Α, with small to Γ to left and small Ρ to right: Argos abbreviated; club below. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) Argos, a city in the northern Peloponnesos, played an important role in early Greek legend and in the Classical period was famous for its sculptors. Argos may have issued coins from as early as the sixth century BCE, but it was not until after its expansion of c. 468 BCE that its major coinage begins. The wolf is a frequent type on the smaller denominations of Argive coinage such as this obol, one of the smallest denominations in the collection (6 obols = 1 drachm). It is a symbol of Apollo Lykeios, Apollo the wolf-killer, who had long had a cult at Argos. His temple was located in the agora, the civic and market center of the city (Pausanias, Description of Greece 2, 19). On the reverse is the abbreviated name of the city, and beneath it a club, a reference to the preeminent Argive hero Herakles. -- Rebecca H. Luhmann Levine, LU '93 Bibliography: B.V. Head, Historia Numorum (Oxford 1911) 437-439. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.075 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Ex Lockett collection; Edward Gans, 1959. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, wolf, Argos, club, Argolis, Greece Title A name given to the resource Silver Obol of Argos, Argolis, Greece, 0.88 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/ac6cb501267d271c8cedfc40d893e8e8.jpg fc5808cd757b7db3bdf61b24f6e9a58f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Olympia, Elis, Greece Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 380-365 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Hera facing right, wearing triple-pendant earring, necklace, stephane inscribed ϝΑΛΕΙΩΝ: archaistic spelling for "of the Eleians." Reverse: Eagle with outspread wings to left, head turned to right, the whole in olive wreath. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) The primary importance of the coinage of Elis was its function as the festival coinage for the sanctuary of Zeus and Hera at Olympia, which for much of its history was controlled by Elis. The coins were actually minted at Olympia, first at a mint under the jurisdiction of the priesthood of the Temple of Zeus, and later at a second mint associated with the Temple of Hera. The second mint, which produced this stater, was established at the time of the Peace of Nikias of 421 BCE, when the Athenians and their allies, who had been barred from the Olympic festival in the first years of the Peloponnesian War, were once again admitted. The new mint, unlike the old one which used symbols of Zeus for its obverses, adopted a head of Hera as its obverse type. Its first reverse was a thunderbolt within an olive wreath, similar to the thunderbolt on the coins produced by the mint associated with the Temple of Zeus (see 91.073), but about 380 BCE. it was replaced by an eagle, also a symbol of Zeus. This phase of its coinage came to an end in 365 BCE, when the Arcadians seized the sanctuary and placed the festival under the control of the newly formed town of Pisa. When the Eleians resumed control two years later, new types were introduced. Hera wears a stephane inscribed with the archaistic inscription "of the Eleians," the traditional Eleian method of identifying its coinage. The high relief and elegant details of the head are characteristic of the die engravers who worked for Elis and who may have worked for or influenced other mints as well. -- Rebecca H. Luhmann Levine, LU '93 Bibliography: C. Seltman, The Temple Coins of Olympia (Cambridge 1921) 347. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.074 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Ex George Bauer collection; Edward Gans, 1960. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, goddess, Hera, eagle, olive wreath, Olympia, Elis, Greece Title A name given to the resource Silver Stater of Olympia, Elis, Greece, 12.01 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/263896039a25248d47c04508f2a1690f.jpg 335f9f6c4bb020d71ef3ea2f1cf2884b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carthage (Siculo-Punic), Zeugitana, Tunisia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 350-325 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Arethusa facing left, wearing triple-drop earring, necklace, and wreath of reeds, surrounded by four dolphins. Reverse: Head of horse facing left, palm tree; MMHNT in Punic letters: People of the Camp. Style/Period: Carthaginian (ancient) Carthage, a Phoenician settlement on the coast of northern Africa, began to compete with the Greeks for control of Sicily in the fifth century BCE Its interference there eventually led to the Battle of Himera in 480 BCE, in which combined Greek forces soundly defeated the Carthaginians. The Carthaginians returned at the end of the fifth century, destroying Himera and other Sicilian cities. The Syracusans resisted them throughout the fourth century, confining them to the western part of the island, where they minted coins to pay their troops. The coins are therefore called Siculo-Punic; the term Punic to refer to the Carthaginians comes from the Latin Punicus, meaning Phoenician. For the Siculo-Punic coins, the Carthaginians adopted a combination of Greek and Carthaginian types, with Punic inscriptions like the one on this tetradrachm, apparently indicating the minting authority, "the people of the camp." The Arethusa type by Euainetos on Syracusan dekadrachms of the early fourth century (see 91.032) was used as a model for the obverse. The head is very close in all its details to the original, but the thick chin and lack of definition in the dolphins identify it as an imitation. The close copying of this type suggests that the Carthaginians wanted these coins to circulate freely among the Greek coins of Sicily. The reverse is a Carthaginian type. The horse's head probably refers to a foundation legend of Carthage, in which the future site of the city was determined by the discovery of a horse's head (Virgil, Aeneid 1. 441-444). It may also refer to the military use of the coinage. The palm tree, phoenix in Greek, is a punning type that would permit Greeks to identify the coin as Phoenician. -- Kathleen L. Metzger Newmyer, LU '94 Bibliography: G.K. Jenkins, "Coins of Punic Sicily," Part 3, Schweizerische Numismatische Rundschau 56 (1977) 5-65. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.041 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Ex Fred V. Fowler collection; Stack's, 1969. Subject The topic of the resource Carthaginian, Arethusa, wreath, dolphins, palm tree, Carthage, Siculo-Punic, Zeugitana, Tunisia Title A name given to the resource Silver Tetradrachm of Carthage (Siculo-Punic), Zeugitana, Tunisia, 17.08 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/a959a7bd9e06d33418ca53ac2ca06924.jpg fbfd58295521a3f21302f01919eab51c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhodus (Rhodes), Dodecanese, Greece Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 333-304 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Facing radiate head of Helios. Reverse: Rose; in left field, helmet; on either side of flower, Ρ-Ο: abbreviation for Rhodes; ΕΡΑΣΙΚΛΗΣ: Erasikles, name of magistrate. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) In the late fifth century BCE the three independent cities of the island of Rhodes, Lindos, Kamiros and Ialysos, united and founded a new capital city, also named Rhodes. The coins of the new capital depicted the island's main deity, the sun god Helios, on the obverse and a rose (in Greek rhodos), a play on the name Rhodes, on the reverse. According to legend, when Zeus forgot Helios as he was dividing the islands among the gods, Helios said that he would take an island then rising from the sea, Rhodes. His children with the nymph Rhodos became rulers of the island, and the island's three cities were named after them. The cult of Helios was an important one in Rhodes. The island's most famous monument, the Colossos, was a bronze statue of Helios by Chares of Lindos, a pupil of Lysippos. It stood some 32 m. high at the entrance to the city's harbour. The facing head of Helios on Rhodian coins was probably inspired by Kimon's famous facing head of the nymph Arethusa on Syracusan coins (see 93.007). In both heads the hair spreads outward, in Helios changing into the rays of the sun. The coins of Rhodes had an interesting life in the Middle Ages. At that time it was thought that the head of Helios was the head of Christ, that the rose was the rose of Sharon, and that the coins were the thirty pieces of silver paid to Judas. -- Rebecca H. Luhmann Levine, LU '93 Bibliography: C.M. Kraay, Greek Coins (New York 1966). Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.085 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Edward Gans, 1959. Subject The topic of the resource Greek, Helios, rose, helmet, Rhodus, Rhodes, Dodecanese, Greece Title A name given to the resource Silver Didrachm of Rhodus (Rhodes), Dodecanese, Greece, 6.76 g.