12 15 244 https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/11ef6d05cb8175d63d0aafd6dde29747.jpg 5bdc2a2cc5cb946d7ce7ff00075b19d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhegion, (Rhegium), Bruttium, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 480-466 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Mule cart being driven to right by bearded charioteer Reverse: Running hare; RECINON retrograde: Rhegion Style/Period: Early Classical Greece Anaxilas was tyrant of Rhegium in 494 BCE. When the Samians fled Samos after the failed Ionian revolt, Anaxilas enlisted them to invade Zankle. The invasion was a success, and after taking the city, Anaxilas expelled the Samians and renamed the city “Messana” after his home Messene in the Peloponnese. Anaxilas and his family ruled the two cities as tyrants until their expulsion in 461 BCE, and both cities produced joint issues of coins. This coin is a victory coin. Between the years 480 and 413 BCE, beginning with the defeat of Carthage and ending with the failed Athenian expedition, victory coins were being struck around Sicily. Most depicted fast-moving chariots, but this drachm depicts a mule cart on the obverse, perhaps because, according to Aristotle (fr. 578R), Anaxilas won an Olympic victory with a mule cart. Aristotle also explains the hare on the reverse, claiming that Anaxilas introduced hares into Sicily. This claim has been interpreted to mean that he actually did introduce the animal, or that he introduced these coins, popularly known as ‘hares’ (on analogy with the ‘owls’ produced by Athens), but since the hare appears with the god Pan on later coins of Messana, the hare may refer to the cult of Pan that was brought to Messana and Rhegion by the Messenians who originally settled Messana. -- Chris Fuelling, LU '16 Bibliography: C. M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1976) 214-215 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Edward Gans, June 12, 1959 Title A name given to the resource Silver drachm of Rhegion (Rhegium), 4.31 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/28480be795b71cfc7d10b95118cc463a.jpg b779b99a6c6d0d09eb2089e2be10cf3b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ephesos (Ephesus) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 87-84 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped bust of Artemis wearing stephane and quiver over left shoulder. Reverse: Polymastoid cult statue of Artemis of Ephesos, wearing polos, wreath around head, arms spread and propped up by three-footed supports; to left of feet, a stag; to right of feet, a bee. On either side of head, Ε Φ: Ephesos. Style/Period: Hellenistic This coin of Ephesos, a city of ancient Ionia, was probably issued to commemorate the revolt of the province of Asia from Rome in 88-84 BCE. Unlike the Ephesian coins that preceded it, the coin bears no Roman magistrate’s name, and instead patriotically refers to the city’s main claim to fame, its Temple of Artemis, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Originally built in the mid-6th century BCE and rebuilt after a disastrous fire in the 4th century BCE, the temple housed a famous cult statue, which is depicted on this coin to advertise the city’s independence from Rome. The obverse of the coin depicts the city’s patron deity as a huntress, with her quiver over her left shoulder. On the reverse is the famous cult statue, whose many-breasted form probably refers to her association with fertility. She stands with libations pouring from her huge outstretched hands. The turreted polos on her head represents the city’s walls. On the base of the statue are a stag and a bee. The stag refers to Artemis the huntress. The bee is a symbol associated with Artemis at Ephesos; her priestesses were called by the title Melissa or “Bee.” On either side of her head are Greek letters abbreviating the name of the city. -- Frederick Breslow, LU ‘11 Bibliography: B. V. Head, Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics (1911, Chicago reprint 1967) 576; G. W. Elderkin, “The Bee of Artemis,” American Journal of Philology 60 (1939) 203-213; O. Mørkholm, Early Hellenistic Coinage from the Accession of Alexander to the Peace of Apamea (336-188 B.C.) (Cambridge 1991) 25-26, fig 657. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2001.089 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Harlan J. Berk, Chicago, IL Title A name given to the resource Gold Stater of Ephesos (Ephesus), 8.46 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/9973f88269fec4a56be793490ed5f0c6.tif cf584fa2247ce38f336503738c6760ca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Anonymous Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 215 - 212 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Roma facing right, wearing crested Attic helmet; behind, mark of value, · . Reverse: Prow heading right; above, ROMA; below, mark of value, · . Style/Period: Roman Republic The head on the obverse is probably Roma, the personification of the city of Rome. The prow design on the reverse is similar to that of bronze asses of the time (see coin C003). The circular dot on both sides served as a mark of value denoting the coin as an uncia. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 23, no. 109; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 10, no. 108; R. Thomsen, Early Roman Coinage, II (Copenhagen 1961), 40-48; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974), 151-152, no. 41/10. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C001 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection. Provenance unknown. Title A name given to the resource Bronze uncia, 3.44 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/552396f819fe3b185c1c4dd9b244e44b.tif 1f9fd7f251266ac3a926cf150204eec5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 211 - 200 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate head of Jupiter facing right. Border of dots. Reverse: Victory facing right, placing wreath on trophy of arms; [R]OMA in exergue. Line border. Style/Period: Roman Republic The victoriatus or victoriate began to be minted c. 215 BCE. Along with the quadrigatus, it was one of the first silver coins produced by the mint in Rome and had a set value of 7 and 1/2 bronze asses. The first victoriate with these types probably commemorated the conquest of Corcyra and Illyricum by the Romans in 229 BCE. This coin was probably issued during the first years of the Second Punic War for commercial purposes. The victoriate continued to be issued throughout the war but was discontinued shortly after the introduction of the denarius system (see coin C003). -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 36, no. 295; E. A. Sydenham, "The Victoriate," Numismatic Chronicle 12 (1932) 73-95; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 8, no. 83; H. Mattingly, "The Victoriate," Numismatic Chronicle 17 (1957) 97-119; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 154, no. 44/1; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans (London 1978), I, 27, no. 59. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C002 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection. Provenance unknown. Title A name given to the resource Anonymous, silver denarius (victoriatus), 3.00 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/cd2bfada59533fc5971b242bc7627a90.tif 8cf131ab746b448dc3f4872e660bac31 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 209 - 208 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma facing right; behind, mark of value, X. Border of dots. Reverse: Dioscuri charging on horseback facing right; below, anchor; on tablet, ROMA. Line border. Style/Period: Roman Republic With the devaluation of silver coinage c. 220 BCE and the financial demands of the Second Punic War, the Senate and the triumviri monetales instituted a substantial change in the Roman monetary system. The system of silver and bronze coins would be minted with a set value and weight for each coin. The silver coin was named the denarius with a set value of 10 bronze asses. This is denoted by the mark of value X. The image of Roma on the obverse is an image of the personification of the city of Rome. Some early scholars believed it to be an image of Bellona, a Roman war goddess who was perhaps an offshoot of Mars. The Dioscuri on the reverse were the legendary penates or protectors of the city. They were believed to have assisted the Roman armies to victory several times in Roman history, most notably at the battle of Lake Regillus in the fourth century BCE. The images of Roma and the Dioscuri served to renew confidence in the strength and vigor of Rome in the troubled times of the Second Punic War. The anchor on the reverse was used as a privy mark by minting magistrates to denote the location of its mint in southern Italy. The denarius would remain the standard Roman silver coin until the monetary reforms of Augustus. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), II, 155, no. 21; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 15, no. 144; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974), 156, no. 50/2. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C003 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection. Title A name given to the resource Anchor, silver denarius, 3.80 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/0a3d0dc71ece0d7fdfd7e9831c0da0bd.tif e0b25ed64efdff3675acb62b60e9637f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Publius Cornelius Sulla Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 151 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate head of Janus; above, mark of value, I. Reverse: Prow heading right, with female head decorating acroterium; [before, mark of value, I]; above, [P S]VL[A]; below, ROMA. Style/Period: Roman Republic The as, a coin in the denarius system, is a smaller-scale version of the aes grave, a large, circular bronze coin used in the middle of the third century BCE. The head of Janus, a popular Roman god of beginnings, and the prow on the reverse were the standard images for the Roman as. The mark I denotes it value as one as. Cornelius followed a tradition begun c. 150 BCE in which minting magistrates would include abbreviations of their names on their coins in order to give fame and prestige to the family name. This Cornelius is thought to have been the uncle of the dictator Sulla. The female head on the reverse could be an image of Venus, a traditional deity of the family of Sulla, to whom the coin is dedicated (see coin C005). -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Cornelia, 2; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 42, no. 347; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 15, no. 145; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974), 156, no. 50/3. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C004 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection. Said to have been found on the Esquiline Hill in 1905 Title A name given to the resource Publius Cornelius Sulla, bronze as, 23.01 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/624176a0797b7dca834e33f102e7558e.tif 6428681c3efa80747d4883d30bbd94f3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Publius Cornelius Sulla Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 151 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma right; behind, mark of value, X. Border of dots. Reverse: Victory in biga right, holding whip in right hand and reins in left hand; below P SVLA; ROMA in exergue. Line border. Style/Period: Roman Republic The minting magistrate of this coin is the same Cornelius who minted coin C004. This coin resembles a quadrigatus from the mid-third century BCE. In the mid-second century, the quadriga on these coins was variously driven by Victory, Venus, Juno, and Jupiter (see coins C007, C009, C010, C013, C019, C023, C024, C036. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Cornelia, 1; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 110, no. 828; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 437; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 44, no. 386; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974), 249-250, no. 205/1; F. Münzer, Pauly-Wissowa Real-Encyclopädie, iv, 1513-1515, s.v. Cornelius Sulla (376ff.); Velleius, ii.17.a; Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C005 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Publius Cornelius Sulla, silver denarius, 3.68 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/a2dcb1b5004b89dde6cc1381f5d536c6.tif 1c6ca49d797f48d473c53d79ac18a907 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Caius Terentius Lucanus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 147 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma right; behind, Victory with wreath and mark of value, X. Border of dots. Reverse: Dioscuri on horseback, charging right; below, C TERLVC; ROMA in exergue. Line border. Style/Period: Roman Republic The types on this coin are very similar to those on coin C003. The minting magistrate has included an abbreviation of his name on the reverse and added an image of Victory to the obverse. The Victory might represent a past or recent victory. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Terentia, 10; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 103, no. 775; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 453; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 49, no. 425; T. P. Wiseman, "Some Republican Senators and Their Tribes," The Classical Quarterly 14 (1964) 122-133; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974), 256-257, no. 217/1. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C006 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Title A name given to the resource Caius Terentius Lucanus, silver denarius, 3.68 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/d4b3481aff0f20408806a00c6e27d2ff.tif 73d17011230f139ea629212632f89d21 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Caius Curiatius Trigeminus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 142 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Roma with winged helmet right; behind, TRIGE upwards; [before, mark of value, X]. Border of dots. Reverse: Juno in quadriga right, wearing diadem and crowned by Victory from behind, holding scepter in left hand and reins in right hand; below, C CVR; ROMA in exergue. Line border. Style/Period: Roman Republic Very little is known about this minting magistrate. The image of the woman on the reverse may be Juno. If so, she could be either Juno Cur(r)itis or Quiritis, usually depicted holding a sword and shield rather than a scepter. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Curiata, 1; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 122, no. 891; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 438; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 51, no. 436; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974), 260, no. 223/1; Livy, 1.24.1. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C007 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Title A name given to the resource Caius Curiatius Trigeminus, silver denarius, 3.95 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/680f5078023782c9fd6dbaec674ecf7f.tif f716de5d203a66cdbdfb235a5c7b662f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sextus Pompeius Fostlus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 137 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma facing right; below chin, mark of value, X; behind, capis. Reverse: She-wolf standing facing right, head turned back, suckling the twins Romulus and Remus; behind, fig-tree with three birds; to left, the shepherd Faustulus, leaning on a staff in left hand, raising right hand; around, [SE]X PO FOSTLVS; [ROMA] in exergue. Style/Period: Roman Republic In order to advance the prestige and nobility of his family, this Pompeius claims descent from Faustulus, the shepherd who according to tradition took in and raised the orphaned twins Romulus and Remus. Here Pompeius has depicted Faustulus discovering the she-wolf suckling the twins. The inscription may refer either to the original Faustulus or the minting magistrate himself. In the fig tree, the ficus Ruminalis, a woodpecker, a common symbol for this special fig tree, is perched on the trunk. The other two birds on the upper branches are merely decorative. The tree and the birds, as well as the capis on the obverse, allude to the cult of Rumina, an obscure goddess who had a shrine and a similar fig tree near the Lupercal. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Pompeia, 1; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 131-132, no. 927; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 449; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 54, no. 461a; F. W. Walbank, "Political Morality and the Friends of Scipio," Journal of Roman Studies 55 (1965) 1-16; M. H. Crawford, "Foedus and Sponsio," Papers of the British School at Rome 41 (1973) 1-7; C. H. V. Sutherland, Roman Coins (New York 1974) 53, nos. 68-69; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974), 267-268, no. 235/1c; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978), 31, no. 83. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C008 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Title A name given to the resource Sextus Pompeius Fostlus, silver denarius, 3.85 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/4774b25160f1d9d55c2798c9fea1d4d8.tif 5e93be7622b34786a27a1454784432d9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marcus Marcius Manii Filius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 134 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma facing right; behind, modius; below chin, star. Border of dots. Reverse: Victory in biga to right, holding reins in left hand and whip in right hand; below, M MRC C ROMA, divided by two corn-ears. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic When the mint magistrates, the triumviri monetales, chose the images for their coins, they were very aware that the images would reflect upon themselves and their families, and they often exploited the opportunity to advance themselves. In the late second century BCE, magistrates began to display images or portraits on their coins that would associate themselves and their ancestors with great figures from Roman history (see coin C008). The magistrate here is referring to his ancestor Mn. Marcius, who was the first to distribute corn to the people at the value of one modius (a measure of grain) per as (Pliny, Natural History xviii.3.15: "aedilis plebis primum frumentum populo in modios assibus datavit). The coin has the usual images for the denarius, Roma on the obverse and Victory on the reverse, but the magistrate has also placed a modius on the obverse to refer to the important reform of his ancestor. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Marcia, 8; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 149, no. 1008; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 445; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 61, no. 500; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974), 277, no. 245/1. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C009 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Title A name given to the resource Marcus Marcius Manii Filius, silver denarius, 4.01 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/03049be4d42c10cd6c7e470c6bade915.tif 080dc2042a05f4d6d2b201aa204e67da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Quintus Fabius Maximus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 127 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma facing right, with star on flap; behind, ROMA; before, star and [Q] MAX. Border of dots. Reverse: Cornucopia superimposed on thunderbolt; border of a wreath composed of ears of wheat and barley and assorted fruits. Style/Period: Roman Republic Quintus Fabius Maximus was praetor in 118 BCE and consul in 116 BCE. The coin probably refers to the victories of his ancestor Q. Fabius Maximus Aemilianus in 144 BCE or Q. Fabius Maximus Servilianus in 142 BCE near Valentia. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Fabia, 5; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 178, no. 1157; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 439; A. E. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 57, no. 478; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 289, no. 265/1. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C011 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Quintus Fabius Maximus, silver denarius (Type I), 3.88 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/86e385e903ee0c77277aa1f0da11d70b.tif 6e5851c926504b7c6e161215baea25ce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Numerius Fabius Pictor Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 126 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma facing right; to left, star. Border of dots. Reverse: Q. Fabius Pictor, seated left, helmeted, cuirassed, and holding apex in right hand and spear in left hand; beside him, shield inscribed QVI/ RIN; to left [P]ICTOR; to right, N FABI; ROMA in exergue. Line border. Style/Period: Roman Republic Numerius Fabius Pictor served as a triumvir. Here he honors his ancestor Q. Fabius Pictor, who was both praetor of Sardinia and flamen Quirinalis, or priest of the god Quirinus. He is depicted on the reverse cuirassed and with the weapons of a praetor, his shield inscribed Quirin, and holding the apex or cap of a flamen. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Fabia, 11; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 181, no. 1172; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 439; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 64, no. 517; M. H. Crawford, "N. Fabi Pictor," Numismatic Chronicle 5 (1965) 149; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 291-292, no. 268/1a; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 35, no. 101; Livy, xxxvii.50.8; 51.1-6; Cicero, De Divin. i.21.43. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C012 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Numerius Fabius Pictor, silver denarius, 3.84 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/b3bf5465713fa9df9a295c4743be892b.tif 1a53b1dbec79eded7055b430bd000a5e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marcus Aurelius Scaurus; Licnius Crassus; Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 118 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Roma facing right, with winged Phrygian helmet ornamented with griffin's head; to left, ROMA downwards and star; to right, M AVRELI upwards. Border of dots. Reverse: Nude Gallic warrior in biga right, hurling spear in right hand, with Gallic shield, carnyx and reins in left hand; below, SCAVRI; in exergue, L LIC CN [DOM]. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic Marcus Aurelius Scaurus was one of five minting magistrates chosen during 118 BCE. This coin commemorates the foundation of the colony of Narbo Martius in Gaul in 118. L. Licinius Crassus and Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus were elected as the colony's duoviri or founding commissioners. Mattingly believes that all three men were questori urbani rather than triumviri monetales. The reverse of the coin commemorates the victory of Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus that allowed the colony to be formed. The warrior in the biga is most likely King Bituitus of Averni who was captured in 121 by C. Fabius Maximus. In the resulting triumph, Bituitus stood in a silver chariot. This coin is one of the first known examples of a serrated coin. Serrated coins were made by creating notches in the edge of the coin at irregular angles before the coin was struck. Serrations were often believed to be used to prove that a coin was of pure metal and not plated; however, some plated coins were also serrated. Since serrated coins were principally meant for circulation outside Italy, the serrated edge probably provided the native populations a means of easily identifying a coin as legal tender. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Aurelia, 20; J. de Witte, "L'Arc triomphe d'Orange," Revue Archélogique 10/2 (1887) 134-136; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 184-185, no. 1185; H. Mattingly, "Some Historical Coins of the Late Republic," Journal of Roman Studies (1922) 230-239; H. Mattingly, "The Roman 'Serrati'," Numismatic Chronicle 4 (1924) 31-52; E. A. Sydenham and L. A. Lawrence, "The Origin of the Roman Serrati," Numismatic Chronicle 15 (1935) 209-231; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 432, 560, 579; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 65, no. 523; E. Badian, Studies in Greek and Roman History (Oxford 1964) 101, n. 98; C. H. V. Sutherland, Roman Coins (New York 1974) 62, nos. 85-86; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974), 298-299, no. 282/1; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 36, no. 104; C. Foss, Roman Historical Coins (London 1990) 2, no. 2a. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C013 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Marcus Aurelius Scaurus with L. Licnius Crassus and Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, silver denarius serratus, 3.82 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/860b5651adfc415476469f6d830d1561.tif d3797fc80e3288683e2d37f482f42019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Caius Fonteius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 114 - 113 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate, Janiform head of Dioscuri; on left and right, star; below, control mark, ···. Border of dots. Reverse: Galley with pilot and three rowers, left; above, C FONT; below, ROMA. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic The family of Caius Fonteius was from Tusculum, a small town south of Rome popular for its villas and opportunities for otium. According to tradition, Tusculum was founded by Telegonus, who sailed across the ocean to incorporate the town. Tusculum was also the center of the worship of the Dioscuri (see coin C003). To honor his hometown, Caius Fonteius has depicted the Dioscuri on the obverse, as well as a galley on the reverse to commemorate the journey of Telegonus. The janiform head on the obverse has also been interpreted as Fos or Fontus, the son of Janus from whom the Fonteius family derived its name. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886), Fonteia, 1; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), II, 292-293, no. 602; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 440; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 74, no. 555; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 304, no. 290/1. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C014 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Caius Fonteius, silver denarius, 3.88 g.