2 15 50 https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/2d46481b465141a9151cb963bbc36114.tif ca8f0a60accd0659288f5983ceab404e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marcus Aemilus Scaurus; Publius Plautius Hypsaeus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 58 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: King Aretus kneeling right, holding olive branch bound with fillet in right hand and bridle of saddled camel in left hand; above, [M] SCAVR AED CVR; to left and right, [E]X S C; in exergue, [REX ARE]TAS. Line border. Reverse: Jupiter in galloping quadriga left, hurling thunderbolt with right hand and holding reins in left hand; scorpion below horses; above, [P HYPSAEVS] AED CVR; below, C HVPSAE COS PREIVER; to right, [C]APTV upwards. Line border. Style/Period: Roman Republic Often in the Roman Republic, senators, victorious generals and other high-ranking officials were given senatorial approval to issue special coins to commemorate their recent successes. These coins were designated EX SC (ex senatus consulto). This special issue commemorates the successes of the magistrates and their ancestors on the same coin. Marcus Aemilius Scaurus and Publius Plautius Hypsaeus were the aediles curules, officials in charge of public works and games, for 58 BCE. These coins were issued to pay for the public games they sponsored. Scaurus had been governor of Syria in 64, and on the obverse he celebrates his capture of the Arabian king Aretus. Hypsaeus's ancestor C. Hypsaeus was responsible for the capture of Privernum in 329 BCE and is honored on the reverse. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Aemilia, 8; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 483-484, no. 3878; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 528; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 152, no. 913; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 446-447, no. 422/1b; C. H. V. Sutherland, Roman Coins (New York 1974) 85, nos. 131-132; J. P. C. Kent, Roman Coins (New York 1978), pl. 17, no. 60; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 55, no. 195; C. Foss, Roman Historical Coins (London 1990) 10, no. 36. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C036 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Marcus Aemilus Scaurus and Publius Plautius Hypsaeus, silver denarius (Series II). 3.93 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/e9c162c80d98484eee449b82c4008ac2.tif 62f0b3e4179611777d40111926ea811a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Paullus Aemilius Lepidus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 62 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Diademed and veiled head of Concordia right; to left, PAVLLVS LEPIDVS upwards; to right, CONCORDIA downwards. Border of dots. Reverse: Trophy; to right, Lucius Aemilius Paullus, togate, standing left; to left, King Perseus with long beard and bound hands, accompanied by his two sons, all wearing Greek dress, standing left; above, TER; in exergue, PAVLLV[S]. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic Paullus Aemilius Lepidus would become consul in 50 BCE. With this coin he commemorates his ancestor L. Aemilius Paullus Macedonius who captured the Macedonian king Perseus and his sons at the battle of Pydna in 168. The scene on the reverse depicts his ancestor in a triumphant stance with his prisoners. The standing trophy is a common image of victory demonstrating how the Romans would stand the armor of the vanquished on tall poles (see coin C045). The inscription TER (tertius) commemorates the three times his ancestor was hailed as imperator: the first in 190 with the defeat of Spain, the second in 181 with the defeat of Liguria, and the third in 168 with the defeat of Macedon. The image of Concordia on the obverse may refer to the concordia ordinum sponsored by Cicero and supported by Aemilius. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Aemilia, 10; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 418, no. 3373; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 431; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 154, no. 926; M. G. Morgan, "Villa Publica and Magna Mater," Klio (1973) 228-229; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 441, no. 415/1; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 56, no. 196. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C035 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Paullus Aemilius Lepidus, silver denarius, 3.93 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/e109e8d5b8f6da5c3e31474409bfef67.tif 164f71558bdd784ef6b154438d6d909b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marcus Volteius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 78 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Hercules wearing lionskin right. Border of dots. Reverse: Erymanthian boar right; in exergue, [M] VOLTEI [M F]. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic Mommsen determined that with this coin, as with coin C033, Marcus Volteius commemorated public games held during his magistracy, in this case the ludi Plebi. These were games held in November with contests including the palaestra as well as musical contests. The obverse depicts Hercules with his lion skin cap (see coin C028). The Erymanthian boar was the fourth labor of Hercules. The boar was ravaging the lands around Mount Erymanthus. Hercules was told to bring him back alive. He chased the animal from its hiding place into some deep snow and then trapped it with nets. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: T. Mommsen, Histoire de la monnaie romaine (Paris 1865-1875), II, 467-470, no. 257b; E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Volteia, 2; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 389, no. 3158; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 455; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 127, no. 775; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 399-402, no. 385/2; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 48, no. 153. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C034 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Marcus Volteius, silver denarius (Type II), 3.76 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/e65e47314dea583f85ea4243c46b81cc.tif c5084eb28b64a98f0e3c690f78eb326a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Caius Policius Quinti Filius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 80 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped bust of Roma facing right, wearing Phrygian helmet with griffin's head and feather at each side; to left, ROMA downwards; above, control mark, E. Reverse: Hercules standing facing left, strangling Nemean lion; at feet, club; to left, bow and quiver of arrows; on right, C POBLICI Q F; above, control mark, E. Style/Period: Roman Republic Nothing is known about Caius Poblicius Quinti Filius. The depiction of Roma with a Phrygian helmet is a common type of the period. He also continues to use control marks. On the reverse he depicted Hercules in his struggle with the Nemean lion, the first of his famous labors. Hercules was supposed to obtain the lion skin for Eurystheus, but it became an attribute worn by Hercules (see coins C028 and C034). According to some accounts, the lion was invincible and Hercules was forced to strangle and skin it with his own hands. The bow and arrow at this feet are unusual additions since there is no surviving account of Hecules using them to defeat the lion. The minting magistrate's use of Hercules on this coin may refer to the recent victory of Sulla over the party of Marius, but if so, it would be a rare example of a reference to a significant current event this early in the first century BCE. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Poblicia, 9; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 365, no. 2900; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 125, no. 768; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 396, no. 380; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 47, no. 150. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C032 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Caius Poblicius Quinti Filius, silver denarius serratus, 3.87 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/bb0002ae4e38cffb6390ab8ae49cc649.tif 9c324e60700f47ea51fcac43caa7020d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marcus Volteius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 78 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate head of Jupiter right; to right, control mark, crescent. Border of dots. Reverse: Tetrastyle Doric temple of Jupiter Capitolinus with closed doors, surmounted by ornamental crockets, acroteria at the lower angles and apex; in pediment, thunderbolt; in exergue, [M VOL]TEI M [F]. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic Mommsen determined that Marcus Volteius issued coins to commemorate games held during the year of his service as magistrate (see also coin C034). This coin commemorates the ludi Romani which were held in January and conveyed the promise of largitiones or bounty in the future. The reverse commemorates the beginning of the reconstruction of the Capitoline temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus in that year. The reconstruction was completed in 69 BCE. Since nothing of the temple is preserved, coins are the most valuable resources for the architecture of one of the most important temples in Rome. The use of a symbol as a control mark on the obverse continues the tradition of control marks by expanding from simple letters to more elaborate symbols. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: T. Mommsen, Histoire de la monnaie romaine (Paris 1865-1875), II, 467-470, no. 257a; E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Volteia, 1; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 388, no. 3154; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 455; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 127, no. 774; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 399-402, no. 385/1; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 47, no. 152; C. Foss, Roman Historical Coins (London 1990) 6, no. 21. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C033 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Marcus Volteius, silver denarius (Type I), 3.77 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/1d4598e0747ebe433927e702877ee111.tif d8f445a730ed4ce02d0e3812f9793f93 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Caius Mamilius Limetanus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 82 - 81 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped bust of Mercury right, with winged petasus, chlamys and caduceus over left shoulder; to left, control mark, S. Line border. Reverse: Ulysses standing right, wearing pileus and holding staff in left hand and extending right hand to Argus; to left, [C] MAMI[L] downwards; to right, LIMETAN upwards. Line border. Style/Period: Roman Republic Caius Mamilius Limetanus appears to have claimed descent from both Mercury and Ulysses by depicting both of them on this coin. On the obverse is a bust of Mercury, father of Ulysses and god of travelers and merchants. He is wearing the petasus, a broad-brimmed felt hat, and chlamys, a large wool cloak, of a traveler. The caduceus or herald's staff was a common attribute of Mercury. On the reverse is Ulysses himself, shown as he returned to Ithaca from the Trojan War disguised in traveler's dress. Ulysses' dog Argus, the only one to recognize Ulysses through his disguise, was so overjoyed by the return of his master that he died. The serrated edge of this coin signifies that it was a special issue for use in the northern provinces (see coin C013). This is the only serrated coin issued in this year. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Mamilia, 6; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 343-344, no. 2728; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 444; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 119, no. 741; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 375, 377, no. 362/1; C. H. V. Sutherland, Roman Coins (New York 1974) 80, nos. 123-124; J. P. C. Kent, Roman Coins (New York 1978). pl. 15, no. 49; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 45, no. 145. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C031 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Caius Mamilius Limetanus, silver denarius serratus, 3.56 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/ec469e40ddeed9bf2f1cb884a8530ff7.tif b56144545059be8e1fafdc9ea6d9f13f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lucius Cornelius Sulla Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 84 - 83 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Diademed bust of Venus right; on right, Cupid, standing, holding palm branch; below, L SVL[LA]. Border of dots. Reverse: Capis and lituus between two trophies; above, IMPER; below, ITERV[/M]. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic This coin struck by the dictator Sulla commemorates his victories between 86 and 82 BCE, when he was twice proclaimed imperator. The coin was struck after his successful campaigns against Mithradates VI of Pontus in Greece and Asia Minor from 87 to 84 BCE. The trophies depicted on the reverse were erected after the battles of Chaeronea in 86 and Orchomenos in 85. The augural images on the reverse imply that Sulla was elected to the college of augurs at some point in his career. The image of Venus on the obverse continues her veneration by Sulla's family (see coins C04 and C05). -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Cornelia, 28; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), II, 459-460, no. 3; J. P. V. D. Balsdon, "Sulla Felix," Journal of Roman Studies 41 (1951) 7-9; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 124, no. 761; B. Frier, "Sulla's Priesthood," Arethusa (1969) 187-188; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 373-374, no. 359/2; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 44, no. 142; C. Foss, Roman Historical Coins (London 1990) 5, no. 16. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C030 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Lucius Cornelius Sulla, silver denarius (Type III), 3.60 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/bddea6756fe0c4a90e662792853bddd7.tif d44f9b15b4bfd59824b286d60d47a387 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lucius Titurius Sabinus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 88 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Bearded head of Tatius facing right; to left, SABIN; to right, TA. Border of dots. Reverse: Two soldiers facing each other, each carrying off a Sabine woman; in exergue, L TITVRI. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic The magistrate honors himself by depicting on the reverse a scene commemorating one of his ancestors. Lucius Titurius Sabinus refers to the possible origins of his family name by depicting the rape of the Sabine women (Livy 1.9). The TA on the obverse may declare that his family was actually related to Tatius, king of the Sabines, or it may designate the magistrate as tribunus aerarius, the paymaster of the soldiers. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Tituria, 1; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 297, no. 2322; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 454; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 108, no. 698; J. M. C. Toynbee, "Picture-Language in Roman Art and Coinage," Essays in Roman Coinage presented to Harold Mattingly (London 1956) 222-224; L. R. Taylor, The Voting Districts of the Roman Republic (Papers and Monographs of the American Academy in Rome, 20; Rome 1960) 260; J.-P. Morel, "Thèmes sabins et thèmes numaïques dans-le monnayage de la République romaine," Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire de l'École Française de Rome 74 (1962) 32-36; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 352-356, no. 344/1a; J. P. C. Kent, Roman Coins (New York 1978), pl. 14, no. 44; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 43, no. 134; Portraits and Propaganda: Faces of Rome. An exhibition held at the David Winton Bell Gallery, List Art Center, Brown University, January 21-March 5, 1989 (Providence 1989) 24, no. 4. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C029 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Lucius Titurius Sabinus, silver denarius (Type I), 3.87 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/134388c705bfc6ed714038e53f58ff49.tif 669faa94d4b543160e2facc2d0b9a6e5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 89 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Bust of Hercules Respiciens, seen from behind, wearing lionskin with head turned to right and club over left shoulder; on left, control mark, D ·; below, ROMA. Border of dots. Reverse: Roma, standing facing, wearing helmet with triple crest and holding spear in right hand, with left hand on hip; to right, Genius of Rome crowning her with right hand and holding cornucopia in left hand; between, control mark · D · (with · above); in exergue [LE]NT MAR F; laurel wreath border. Style/Period: Roman Republic The family of Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus favored Hercules and the Genius of the Roman People. Hercules Respiciens, the "Hercules looking back," is seen with his lion skin cap (see coin C032). The club and thinner face are Roman adaptations of the similar Hellenistic coin type. The genius performed an active role as guardian of whatever he represented. The Genius of the Roman people was popular in the first century BCE. Here, according to Brauer, the Genius is crowning Roma for her success and prosperity in the war against the rebel Sertorius from 76-75 BCE. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Cornelia, 25; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 233-234, no. 1705; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 437; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 86, no. 604b; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 329-330, no. 329/1a; George C. Brauer, Jr., "The Genius Figure on Roman Coins," SAN Journal of the Society of Ancient Numismatics 13 (1982) 24-26; C. Foss, Roman Historical Coins (London 1990) 4, no. 8. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C028 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus, silver denarius, 3.94 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/51bd5a46b654c011e97bc42028aa2777.tif a856fd95ef75e0ec9c68e465dca5640c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 91 - 89 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate head of Italia wearing earring and necklace left; behind, (in Oscan letters) ITALIA downwards. Border of dots. Reverse: A warrior, standing, head to right, wearing helmet and cloak, resting right hand on spear pointing down, holding sword in left hand, left foot on upper portion of Roman standard; on right, recumbent Sabellian ox. Style/Period: Roman Republic During the Social War (91-89 BCE), the Confederate States, which had broken all economic ties with Rome, began to issue their own coinage to finance their rebellion. The allies issued two types of silver coins: coins with Latin inscriptions and coins with Oscan inscriptions, on which they used types well known on Roman coins. This coin was issued by the Italian Confederation during the Social War to commemorate its successes. The spear pointing downwards on the reverse is a sign of victory. The standing figure could be Mars, C. Papius Mutilus, a Samnite general, or perhaps Italia again. He is swearing an oath of allegiance over the sacrifice of an ox reclining nearby. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: A. Sambon, Les monnaies antiques de l'Italie (Paris 1903) 129-130, no. 225; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), II, 328-329, no. 19; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 92, no. 627; C. Foss, Roman Historical Coins (London 1990) 7, no. 24a. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C027 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Anonymous, silver denarius (Series II, Type IV), 3.99 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/a3fa4a1bd17db36cbdffe01c97cbb2f7.tif 1934676be75e3e561c33a2e7b408cfb4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Marcus Porcius Cato Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 93 - 91 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped and diademed female bust right, hair tied with band; [behind, ROMA]; below, [M CA]TO. Border of dots. Reverse: Victoria Virgo, seated right, holding patera in extended right hand and palm branch in left hand and over shoulder; in exergue [VICTRIX]. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic With this coin Marcus Porcius Cato commemorates the construction of a shrine to Victoria Virgo by Cato Censorius in 194 BCE (see Livy, xxxx.9.6). The female bust on the obverse may be either Libertas or Roma. Victoria Virgo is a specific depiction of Victoria as a virgo or virgin. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Porcia, 5; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), II, 303, no. 657; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 449; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 83, no. 596; R. Rowland, Jr., "M. Porcius the Wine Merchant," Historia 18 (1969) 374-375; M. H. Crawford and T. P. Wiseman, "The Coinage of the Age of Sulla," Numismatic Chronicle 4 (1964) 156; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 351, no. 343/1b. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C026 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Marcus Porcius Cato, silver denarius, 4.09 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/af67f5d0ca6ce3c927f5289a4f413b8a.tif bdbb193da3f5bf2431015c178d7e1bd8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cnaeus Cornelius Blasio Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 112-111 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Male head (Mars?) wearing Corinthian helmet right; [to left, caduceus]; above, star; to right, [CN BLASIO] CN F. Border of dots. Reverse: Jupiter, holding scepter in right hand and thunderbolt in left hand, standing facing between Juno and Minerva, each holding scepter; Minerva crowns Jupiter with wreath in right hand; in exergue, ROMA; in field, Π. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic Cnaeus Cornelius Blasio on this coin honors the Capitoline triad of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. The Greek letter Π on the reverse was copied from the silver coins of Agathocles, king of Syracuse. According to Greuber, the male head on the obverse could be either Mars or a portrait of the Roman general Scipio Africanus. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Cornelia, 19; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), II, 294-296, no. 628; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 436; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 75, no. 561b; H. M.-L. Vollenweider, "Das Bildnis des Scipio Africanus," Museum Helveticum 15 (1958) 38-42; H. H. Scullard, Scipio Africanus: Soldier and Politician (London 1970) 249-251; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 309-310, no. 296/1d; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 37, no. 107. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C025 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Cnaeus Cornelius Blasio, silver denarius, 3.85 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/86731c5566d5f156b4967ff24718d872.tif a7e1f73c57182ac147bac6f7dcba16bc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiagenus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 106 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate head of Jupiter left; behind, control mark, L · . Border of dots. Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right, holding scepter and reins in left hand and hurling thunderbolt with right hand; in exergue, L SCIP ASIAG. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiagenus was consul in 83 BCE and was a member of the Marian party. In this coin he commemorates his ancestor L. Cornelius Scipio, the son of Scipio Africanus who defeated Antiochus of Syria at Mount Sipylus in 190 BCE. When he returned to Rome, he was given the title Asiaticus, which his family later changed to Asiagenus. The emphasis upon Jupiter on both the obverse and reverse of the coin shows the great veneration of the god by the family of Cornelius. The serrated edge signifies that the coin was a special issue for use in the northern provinces (see coin C013). -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1885) Cornelia, 24; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 206-207, no. 1365; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 437; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 79, no. 576; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 319, no. 311/1a; J. P. C. Kent, Roman Coins (New York 1978), pl. 13, no. 39. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C024 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiagenus, silver denarius serratus, 3.96 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/a78b95757d927a2b641f815c8ca9cbf8.tif 46e946cea695893654cfc9edb7e471a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lucius Memmius Galeria Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 106 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate head of Saturn left; behind, ROMA. Border of dots. Reverse: Venus in biga right, holding scepter and one rein in left hand and other rein in right hand; above, flying Cupid with wreath; in exergue, L MEMMI GAL. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic Lucius Memmius Galeria served as an officer of Pompey in Spain late in his career. He apparently claimed that he was descended from the familiae Troianae through Aeneas. Thus he depicts Venus, the mother of Aeneas, triumphant on the reverse. The title GAL (not legible on this coin) probably refers to his tribal name Galeria rather than Gallus or Galbius. The meaning of Saturn on the obverse is unclear. The serrated edge signifies that this coin was a special issue in the northern provinces (see coin C013). -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Memmia, 2; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 204-205, no. 1328; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 446; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 79, no. 574a; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 320-321, no. 313/1a; Plutarch, Pompey, XL. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C023 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Lucius Memmius Galeria, silver denarius serratus, 3.87 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/0b20004a1beb33859a381b142169c90e.tif cd0430c5fd6eab6d3356fd9bf641d3e2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Lawrence University Classics Department Coin Collection Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manius Fonteius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 108 - 107 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Jugate and laureate heads of the Dioscuri, facing right; above, two stars; to the right, star. Border of dots. Reverse: Galley, right, with long protruding rostrum, displaying doliolum in stern, with pilot seated beneath aplustre; above, MN FONTEI; below, control mark, F. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic The depiction of the Dioscuri is similar to that of coin C014, with the images superimposed one upon the other rather than back to back. The depiction of the galley at sea is similar to those on coins C014 and C020. With this coin, Manius Fonteius commemorates the naval exploits of his ancestor P. Fronteius Capito in Sardinia in 169 BCE. Within the doliolum or wine cask in the boat are sacred objects brought from Troy. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Fonteia, 7; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 192-194, no. 1210; T. R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 440; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1951) 76, no. 566a; M. H. Crawford, "A Roman Representation of ΚΕΡΑΜΟΣ ΤΡΩΙΚΟΣ," Journal of Roman Studies 61 (1971) 153-154; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974) 316-317, no. 307/1a; R. A. G. Carson, Principal Coins of the Romans, I (London 1978) 39, no. 116; Cicero, Pro. Font., 3.5. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C022 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Classics Department Collection Title A name given to the resource Manius Fonteius, silver denarius, 3.84 g.