2 15 194 https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/28b10a0c240fc6f8dd7c88c10e998c89.jpg d9d1d343face35ca6edc76482bc73e67 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Caligula Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 40 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate head of Caligula. C(AIVS) CAESAR AVG(VSTVS) PON(TIFEX) M(AXIMVS) TR(IBUNICIA) POT(ESTATE) III CO(N)S(VL) III: Gaius Caesar Augustus, pontifex maximus, with tribunician power for the third time, consul for the third time. Reverse: Radiate head of Augustus, DIVVS AVG(VSTVS) PATER PATRIAE: Divine Augustus, father of the country Style/Period: Early Roman Empire The obverse of this coin depicts a laureate head of the emperor Caligula. The laurel was a symbol of victory, often awarded to emperors. The inscription around lists several of Caligula’s titles, including pontifex maximus, the chief priest of Rome, TR POT, “with tribunician power,” which indicated that Caligula had the power of the tribune, a Republican office inherited by the emperor. The coin indicates that Caligula received this title for the third time. It also lists consul, the highest political office in Rome, which he also received for the third time. This allows this coin to be dated to 40 CE, as Caligula rose to power and took the consulship for the first time in 37 CE. Caligula adopts the idealized, youthful portrait type of Augustus, in order to associate himself with his maternal great-grandfather. The reverse depicts a radiate head of the Divine Augustus. The radiate crown was worn by the sun god Sol and was used to mark divinity on coins. The head is typical of portraits of Augustus, showing him as youthful and with his characteristic locks falling onto his forehead. The inscription lists one of Augustus’s titles, pater patriae, meaning father of the country, which he received in 2 BCE. -- Anna Vogel, LU `18 Bibliography: N. H. and A. Ramage, Roman Art: Romulus to Constantine, 5th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ 2009), 124-129; S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth, eds., The Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford 1996), s.v. Augustus, Gaius (1); J. M. Jones, A Dictionary of Ancient Roman Coins (London 1990), s.v. consul, laurel, tribunus, pater; C.H.V. Sutherland and R.A.G. Carson, The Roman Imperial Coinage, vol. 1 (London 1984), 109. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.125 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 '' Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Edward Gans, January 1959. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Caligula, 3.80 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/d21d2c69f10ea5aa2358f354911dcbfd.jpg 45158e41861146c4907361c01f9b163b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tiberius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 14-37 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Augustus in quadriga with elephants. DIVO AVGVS(TO) S(ENATUS) P(OPVLVS)QVE) R(OMANVS): Divine Augustus, Senate and the people of Rome. Reverse: SC: Senatus Consulto: by decree of the Senate. TI(BERIVS) CAESAR DIVI AVG(VSTI) F(ILIVS) AVGVST(VS) P(ONTIFEX) M(AXIMVS) TR(IBUNICIA) P(OTESTATE) XXXIIX: Tiberius Caesar Augustus, son of Divine Augustus, pontifex maximus, with tribunician power for the 38th time. Style/Period: Roman Empire The obverse of this coin depicts a quadriga pulled by four elephants, each with a rider. While the quadriga was used in all depictions of military triumph, the elephants were an honor reserved only for emperors. The only recorded triumph of Tiberius was in 7 BCE, well before he had assumed the title of emperor, and thus his chariot would have been drawn by horses rather than elephants. This shows that this coin depicts Augustus, although there is no indication as to which of Augustus’s triumphs this is. Augustus is depicted holding a laurel branch in one hand, a symbol of victory, and in the other hand he holds a scepter, a symbol of royalty. The reverse has the large letters SC in the center, the standard abbreviation on sestertii, with an inscription around giving the titles of Tiberius. The coin is slightly damaged, but it can be assumed that the abbreviation for Tiberius, TI, precedes the title of Caesar. The use of XXXIIX for 38 is unusual; Tiberius received the tribunician power for the 38th time in 36-37 CE. -- Anna Vogel, LU `18 Bibliography: S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth, eds., The Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford 1996), s.v. Tiberius; J. M. Jones, A Dictionary of Ancient Roman Coins (London 1990), s.v. quadriga, SC, tribunus; C. H. V. Sutherland and R. A. G. Carson, The Roman Imperial Coinage, vol. 1 (London 1984), 98; R. Seager, Tiberius (Berkeley 1972), xv. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.120 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 '' Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased at Stack’s auction, March 12, 1971. Title A name given to the resource (Copper/bronze/brass) Sestertius of Tiberius, 28.19g https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/9d16d7518561ce495d65f4131c351948.jpg bfaf659511c1ec51582df30a727e4766 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tiberius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 14-37 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Laureate head of Tiberius in profile view. TI(BERIVS) CAESAR DIVI AVG(VSTI) F(ILIVS) AVGVSTVS: Tiberius Caesar, Son of Divine Augustus, Augustus. Reverse: Seated Pax. PONTIF(EX) MAXIM(VS): pontifex maximus. Style/Period: Roman Empire The obverse of this coin depicts Tiberius, who was emperor from 14-37 CE. Tiberius was the step-son of Augustus and served as the second emperor of Rome upon Augustus’s death. In this portrait, he wears a laurel wreath, a symbol of victory popular in Roman imperial portraits. Often this symbol did not appear at the beginning of a reign, indicating that this coin might have been minted later in Tiberius’s reign, as he would have had to earn the honor before it appeared on his coinage. Tiberius was not a blood-relative of Augustus, but his portrait connects him with Augustus through its idealized face and hairstyle. The reverse of this coin shows a seated woman holding a long scepter and an olive branch. These attributes indicate that this is a personification of the goddess Pax, although some have posited that it was another important woman in Tiberius’s life, his mother, Livia. However, this seems unlikely, as Livia’s relationship with her son was not stable during his reign and she was not deified until the reign of Claudius. Tiberius assumed the title pontifex maximus in March of 15. -- Anna Vogel, LU `18 Bibliography: N. H. and A. Ramage, Roman Art: Romulus to Constantine, 5th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ 2009), 151-152; S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth, eds., The Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford 1996), s.v. Tiberius, Livia (Drusilla); J. M. Jones, A Dictionary of Ancient Roman Coins (London 1990), s.v. laurel, Pax; R. Seager, Tiberius (Berkeley 1972), xv. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.119 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 '' Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Hesperia Art, January, 1959. Title A name given to the resource Silver Denarius of Tiberius https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/bbc6314a21c52de3e0cfe196301b664c.jpg 76a9987b16d788d2b0afd9190496a6c5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tiberius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 14-37 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Tiberius, laureate head, profile view. TI(BERIVS) CAESAR DIVI AVG(VSTI) F(ILIVS) AVGVSTVS: Tiberius Caesar, Son of the Divine Augustus, Augustus. Reverse: Pax seated, holding olive branch and scepter. PONTIF(EX) MAXIM(VS): pontifex maximus. Style/Period: Early Roman Empire The obverse of this coin depicts the laureate head of Tiberius in profile view. Tiberius was born to Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla; however, Livia and her husband divorced, and Livia married Octavian (later Augustus), making Tiberius the step-son of the first emperor. Cassius Dio (57.8.1-2) states that Tiberius never allowed the title Augustus to be officially voted to him, but he clearly did not object strongly to its use by others as it is found repeatedly on coinage and in other circumstances. The connection between the two is also clear in Tiberius’s portrait style, which is highly idealized, a style which Augustus used throughout his reign. The reverse of the coin depicts a seated woman, most likely the goddess Pax or Peace, holding two of her popular attributes, an olive branch and a long scepter. Tiberius’s reign, though largely unpopular by the end, was relatively peaceful in terms of military conquests. Tiberius did not acquire any major territory for the empire nor engage in any major battles, which is possibly what this personification of peace is referring to. Pontifex maximus, the title given to the chief priest of Rome, was assumed by Tiberius on March 10, 15, which means that this coin must have been minted at least 7 months into Tiberius’s reign, which began September 17, 14. -- Anna Vogel, LU `18 Bibliography: S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth, eds., The Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford 1996), s.v. Tiberius; J. M. Jones, A Dictionary of Ancient Roman Coins (London 1990), s.v. Pax; R. Seager, Tiberius (Berkeley 1972), xvi, 142-144. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.117 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 '' Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from L.S. Werner, March 2, 1959. Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Tiberius, 7.57 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/68d07facbe9b5a4aa7e98971b51aee09.jpg b3d02ba8d6debe24a43b63827d574d83 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Herakleia (Heraclea), Lucania, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 332-281 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Athena to right, wearing Corinthian helmet with Scylla. Reverse: Herakles leaning on club with lionskin draped over left arm, crowning himself with right hand. ΗΡΑΚΛΗ[ΙΩΝ]: of the Herakleians. Style/Period: Greek (ancient) The ancient city of Herakleia was located in Lucania in southern Italy. It replaced the Ionian city of Siris, a once prosperous city whose origins are unclear. The cities Thurii and Taras, colonies of Athens and Sparta respectively, sought to claim the land that the people of Siris inhabited. The dispute was resolved with the founding of Herakleia in 433/2 about two miles from the site of Siris, with Taras exercising the most control over the city. The geographer Strabo (vi.14) recorded that the people of Siris joined the new colony. The images on the coins of Herakleia were influenced by the coinage of their founding cities. Athena first appears on Herakleian coinage with the production of Herakleia’s first didrachms in 420 BCE. The image probably comes from the Athenian colony Thurii, whose coins depicted the goddess. On this coin, as on contemporary coins of Thurii, Athena is shown wearing a Corinthian helmet adorned with the image of Scylla, the six-headed monster featured in Homer’s Odyssey; here Scylla may be an allusion to the sea goddess Athena Skyletria, who was worshipped at Herakleia. The reverse of the coin depicts Herakles, for whom the city was named and who is also depicted on contemporary coins of Taras. -- Kali Steinberg, LU '17 Bibliography: B.V. Head, Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics (Oxford 1911; reprint Chicago 1967) 71-73, 87; E. Work, The Earlier Staters of Heraclea Lucaniae (New York 1940); C. M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1976) 185-186. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.006 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 '' Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Ex Frederick Knobloch collection. Purchased from Coin Galleries, January 21, 1971. Title A name given to the resource Silver Didrachm of Herakleia, 6.7 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/3d0b14b2c48155ab62fec5edaca00f77.jpg 40f01538520a352fd8601805ff94f099 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Neapolis, Campania, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 300-241 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Siren Parthenope to left, with headband and earring. Reverse: Acheloös depicted as man-headed bull to right, head turned toward viewer, crowned by Nike flying overhead; beneath Acheloös, ΙΣ; in exergue, ΝΗΟΠΟΛΙΤΑΣ: of Neapolis. Style/Period: Hellenistic Neapolis was a Greek colony on the southwestern coast of the Italian peninsula. This coin bears an image of the Siren Parthenope on its obverse and the river god Acheloös on its reverse. The Siren Parthenope was understood to have washed up on the shore of Neapolis (originally named Parthenope in her honor), having committed suicide after failing to entice Odysseus and his crew (Strabo 6.1.1). The intricate detail of her curls closely resembles the hair of the famous heads of Arethusa on the coins of Syracuse. The man-headed bull on the reverse is the father of sirens, the river god Acheloös, who was introduced to Neapolitan coinage around 460. Here he is depicted as a full figure, whereas earlier coins of Neapolis depicted merely his forepart. The imagery of Nike crowning Acheloös suggests that the coin refers to athletic events held in honor of either Acheloös or Parthenope (Strabo 5.4.7). The letters beneath Acheloös begin to appear in the fourth century and are apparently part of a system of control that became necessary with the increased production of coins once Neapolis became the principal mint of Campania. -- Elliot Mackin, LU '17 Bibliography: B. V. Head, Historia Numorum; A manual of Greek Numismatics (Oxford 1911; reprint Chicago 1967) 38-40; C. M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins ( Berkeley and Los Angeles 1976) 200-201; I. Carradice and M. Price, Coinage in the Greek World (London 1988) 70-71. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.002 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 '' Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Edward Gans, January 1959 Title A name given to the resource Silver Didrachm of Neapolis, 7.11 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/dae11cd760626f6edccf613b28070b89.jpg 53b83a9a0c6710390d16262c6e2bb857 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Heraea, Arcadia Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 480-450 B.C.E. Description An account of the resource Obverse: Zeus enthroned, with scepter in left hand and releasing eagle from right hand. Reverse: Head of Despoina in incuse square. ARKA, abbreviation of ARKAΔIKON: “of the Arcadians.” Style/Period: Early Classical Greek For reasons largely unknown, Heraea, a city located on the western border of Arcadia in the central Peloponnese, was entrusted with the management of the Arcadian Games at the beginning of the fifth century BCE. These games were held in conjunction with the festival of Zeus in his sanctuary on Mt. Lykaion. For each recurring festival of Zeus and the Arcadian Games, Heraea was tasked with the production of a federal coinage made for the Arcadian Confederation. This was distributed for the use of all Arcadians congregated for the athletic competitions. Although issued by the Heraeans, this coinage was not used for civic purposes and the imagery upon it bears no affiliation with the city of Heraea itself. Instead, the imagery chosen for this coinage is relevant to the greater Arcadian population. The image on the obverse of the coin is Zeus Lykaios, an important figure of worship for the Arcadians, with his attributes the scepter and eagle. The epithet “Lykaios” means “Wolf,” and refers to an ancient Arcadian myth in which Lykaon, the mythological king of Arcadia, tested Zeus’s omniscience by serving him roasted human flesh, perhaps that of his son Nyktimus. The worship of Zeus Lykaios as a god who receives human sacrifice on Mt. Lykaion as atonement for sin is related to this myth. The image on the reverse is Despoina, the daughter of Demeter, the goddess presiding over the fertility of the earth, and Poseidon, the god of the sea. Despoina is not a name but instead a title meaning “Mistress.” Her true name was known only to initiates of her cult in her sanctuary in Lykosoura, also in Arcadia, not far from Mt. Lykaion. Joe Kortenhof, LU '20 Bibliography: David Gilman Romano and Mary E. Voyatzis. “Excavating at the Birthplace of Zeus: The Mt. Lykaion Excavation and Survey Project,” Expedition, Spring 2010, 9-21; C. Seltman, Greek Coins: A History of Metallic Currency and Coinage Down to the Fall of the Hellenistic Kingdoms, 2nd ed. (London 1955; reprint 1960), 97; B. V. Head, Historia Numorum: a Manual of Greek Numismatics (Oxford, 1911; reprint, Chicago, 1967) 447-448; L. R. Farnell, The Cults of the Greek States, Vol. 1 (Oxford 1896), 40-42. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.076 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 '' Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Edward Gans, 1959. Title A name given to the resource Silver Hemidrachm from Heraea, Arcadia, 2.66 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/b96d472526accbbe1771954febe44627.jpg 80602110a3ca5a85dcffe597bb6b4b7c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tiberius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource CE 22-23 Description An account of the resource Obverse: Mule-drawn carpentum; S[ENATVS] P[OPVLVS]Q[VE] R[OMANVS]: the Senate and People of Rome; IVLIAE AVGVST[AE]: Julia Augusta. Reverse: S[ENATVS] C[ONSVLTO]: by decree of the Senate; TI[BERIVS] CAESAR DIVI AVG[VSTI] F[ILIVS] AVGVST[VS] P[ONTIFEX] M[AXIMVS] TR[IBVNICIA] POT[ESTATE] XXIIII: Tiberius Caesar, son of the divine Augustus, Pontifex Maximus, with tribunician power for the twenty-fourth time. Style/Period: Early Roman Empire This sestertius was issued under the emperor Tiberius, who ruled from AD 14 to 37. Tiberius was born to Emperor Augustus' wife Livia from a previous marriage and was named Augustus' successor in AD 13. Tiberius would take great time and care to both preserve the legacy of Augustus and his connection to Augustus through his mother Livia. Tiberius’ honoring of family and lineage is represented on the obverse of this coin, which refers to honors decreed to Livia. The inscription refers to the name given to Livia after she was adopted into the Julian family, as stated Augustus’ will. The carpentum is a carriage reserved for use by important women in Roman society; on this coin it probably refers to a thanksgiving procession decreed by the Senate upon Livia’s recovery from a serious illness in AD 22. On the reverse, Tiberius associates himself with Augustus by adopting almost all of the titles Augustus took as emperor while at the same time honoring Augustus – and by association himself – as a divinity. -- Sara Armstrong, LU '19 Bibliography: R. A. G. Carson, Coins of the Roman Empire (London and New York 1990), 9; C. Foss, Roman Historical Coins (London 1990), 57, no. 18; J. P. C. Kent, Roman Coins (London 1978), 21-22, 280, no. 152, 348, pl. 44; Tacitus, The Annals, 1.8, 3.64, 5.1. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.116 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 '' Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Coin Galleries, February 21, 1962 Title A name given to the resource Bronze Sestertius of Tiberius, 27.73 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/60b63d1a0c894044aca5d7f84d596a19.jpg b25fcec5175450575386ab800ff36929 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Trajan Decius Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 249-251 CE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Decius, in profile view, radiate, draped and cuirassed. IMP(ERATOR) C(AIVS) M(ESSIUS) Q(UINTVS) TRAIANVS DECIVS AUG(VSTVS) : Imperator Caius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius Augustus Reverse: Personification of Felicitas, holding a cornucopiae and caduceus. FELICITAS SAECVLI: the felicity of the age Style/Period: Roman Empire Gaius Messius Quintus Decius adopted the title Traianus in order to associate himself with the emperor Trajan and his military policy and association with Danube. The designation IMP reflected Decius's constant military prowess, as he was typically in battle. Decius's portrait is similar to the "veristic" style of Republican portraiture, which also aligns with his traditional conservative values. His forehead is lined and his cheeks are sunken. He is also wearing a cuirass, a military garment, again showing his emphasis on militarism. On his head, he wears a radiate crown. This crown had been used since the time of Tiberius to give its subject an association with the divine, namely Sol, the sun god. At this time, the radiate crown also served to double the denomination of the coin. On the reverse of the coin is a personification of Felicitas with two of her most common attributes, a cornucopiae and a caduceus. These symbols work together to indicate wealth and prosperity. The inscription "the felicity of the age" was commonly used to advertise the blessings brought by the emperor. The obverse and reverse taken together illustrate the contradictions of Decius' reign. While his name recalls Trajan, his portrait certainly does not. Decius shows himself to be a military man, tired and weary, but at the same time is trying to project an image of the perfect, prosperous Empire on the reverse. - Anna E. Vogel, LU '18 Bibliography: S. Hornblower and A. Spawforth, eds., The Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford 1996), s.v. Messius Quintus Decius; J. M. Jones, A Dictionary of Ancient Roman Coins (London 1990), s.v. caduceus, cornucopiae, Felicitas, radiate crown; F. S. Salisbury and H. Mattingly, “The Reign of Trajan Decius,” The Journal of Roman Studies 14 (1924) 1-23. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.223 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Coin Galleries auction, December 2, 1960. Title A name given to the resource (Copper/bronze/brass) Double Sestertius of Trajan Decius https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/4c540435d037a8cacfaa052720101770.jpg 8cb730d4a724a69b4afe8ca97e88d283 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alexander III, Macedon (Macedonia) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 336-323 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Head of Herakles in a lion-skin cap. Reverse: Seated Zeus with scepter in left hand and eagle in right hand. To right, ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Alexandrou): of Alexander. To left, mint monogram ΑΡ. Style/Period: Hellenistic This was the first coin Alexander minted after the death of his father, Philip II. The obverse displays Herakles, the fabled ancestor of the Macedonian royal family, in a lion-skin cap, which refers to the first of his labors, the killing of the Nemean lion. The reverse depicts Zeus with a scepter in his left hand, signifying his divine right to rule, and his attribute an eagle in his right hand. The symbol on the reverse, a combined A and P, is the mark of the place that minted it, which was Aradus, in Phoenicia. This was one of the first Macedonian coins to be minted in the Attic standard, the standard of Athens, rather than the Persic standard; Alexander’s adoption of the Attic standard caused Athenian coins to spread far and wide. Alexander's choice of Herakles as the obverse image not only referred to his mythological ancestor, but it also helped his reputation in the eyes of the Greeks, as the image was recognizable and acceptable to them. However, after the death of Alexander in 323 BCE, the image was frequently referred to as Alexander instead of Herakles. - Jessica L. Hoyer, LU '17 Bibliography: B. V. Head, Historia Numorum (Chicago reprint 1967) 225, 788-789; C. M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley 1976) 77; O. Mørkholm, Early Hellenistic Coinage: from the Accession of Alexander to the Peace of Apamea (336-188 B.C.), eds. P. Grierson and U. Westermark (Cambridge 1991) 27, 43, figs. 9, 10. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.052 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Coin Galleries, January 21, 1971. Title A name given to the resource Silver Tetradrachm of Alexander III, Macedon (Macedonia), 17.17 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/c07f87ec11fa78ef143e657f0fb8d141.jpg 41e4253ab6bc97b880c9b46f5e181aa7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lucius Verus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource CE 169-182 Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped bust of Lucilla to right; LVCILLAE AVG(VSTA) ANTONINI AVG(VSTI) F(ILIA): For Lucilla Augusta, daughter of the Antonines. Reverse: Venus standing to left, holding scepter in left hand and apple in right; VENVS: Venus. Style/Period: Roman Empire Annia Aurelia Galeria Lucilla was the daughter of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina the Younger. In 161 she was married to Lucius Verus, Marcus’s adoptive brother and co-emperor. After his death five years later, she was married to the elderly senator Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus, although the imperial family continued to feature her on its coins. Lucilla was later involved in a plot to assassinate her brother, the emperor Commodus, who had her sent into exile and then executed in 182. The obverse portrait is typical of Roman imperial women, featuring a draped bust and elegant hairstyle. The inscription on the obverse helps in dating the coin. Coins depicting Lucilla have one of two inscriptions, LVCILLA AVGUSTA or LVCILLAE AVG ANTONINI AVG F. The former is found on coins issued during her marriage to Lucius Verus, while the latter was used on coins issued after she remarried. The simpler, two-word inscription highlights her role as Augusta, a title often conferred upon the emperor’s wife. In the later coins, the title was changed to emphasize her relationship to the imperial family as a daughter, since her status as empress was lost when Lucius died. On the reverse is Venus, a goddess frequently shown on coins featuring Roman women because of her roles as Mother of Rome and goddess of fertility. The apple is a reference to the myth of the Judgement of Paris, in which Venus was awarded a golden apple for being the fairest of the goddesses. The scepter is a symbol of authority and sovereignty, demonstrating her divinity and power. -- Anne Holt, LU ‘18 Bibliography: Cassius Dio, Roman History, 72.4; R. A. G. Carson, Coins of the Roman Empire (London 1990), 51; A. R. Birley, Marcus Aurelius: A Biography (London 2000), 107, 118, 131, 161-162. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.185 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased in Bank Leu auction, May 5, 1977. Title A name given to the resource Gold Aureus of Lucius Verus, 7.27 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/95bd99b85189a49f2326c6c9455ec24a.tif b7588af0bf9242f848d190feb8ba428b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lucius Postumius Albinus Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 131 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma right; behind, apex; beneath chin, star. Border of dots. Reverse: Mars in quadriga right, holding spear, shield, and reins in left hand and trophy in right hand; below, L POST A B; [R]OMA in exergue. Border of dots. Style/Period: Roman Republic This coin has the usual denarius obverse of the head of Roma, but the minting magistrate here also refers to his father, L. Postumius Albinus, who was elected flamen martialis, the priest of the official state cult of Mars, in 168 BCE, by displaying an apex or priestly cap on the obverse of the coin. The reverse, in addition to depicting Mars in the quadriga, probably also refers to the ancestor's victories over the Vaccaei and the Lustani when he was consul in 173 BCE. The plated silver coin, thought by some to be counterfeit, was actually an officially sanctioned coin. Magistrates from the middle of the second century BCE through the time of Sulla minted plated coins. The plated coin has a copper core with a silver cover. Over time, the silver on these coins degrades, and the copper beneath becomes corroded. This coin has several holes and areas of blue copper corrosion. The crack on the obverse may have been deliberately made to determine whether the coin was plated. -- Bradford W. Wendel, LU '96 Bibliography: E. Babelon, Description historique et chronologique des monnaies de la republique romaine (Paris and London 1885-1886) Postumia, 1; H. A. Grueber, Coins of the Roman Republic in the British Museum (London 1910), I, 171-172, no. 1130; L. A. Lawrence and E. A. Sydenham, "On Roman Plated Coins," Numismatic Chronicle 20 (1940) 190-202; T.R. S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II (New York 1952) 450; E. A. Sydenham, The Coinage of the Roman Republic (London 1952) 56, no. 472; M. H. Crawford, "Plated Coins - False Coins," Numismatic Chronicle 8 (1968) 55-59; M. H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (London 1974), 281, no. 252/1. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context C010 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Title A name given to the resource Lucius Postumius Albinus, silver denarius (plated), 2.92 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/28480be795b71cfc7d10b95118cc463a.jpg b779b99a6c6d0d09eb2089e2be10cf3b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ephesos (Ephesus) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 87-84 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Draped bust of Artemis wearing stephane and quiver over left shoulder. Reverse: Polymastoid cult statue of Artemis of Ephesos, wearing polos, wreath around head, arms spread and propped up by three-footed supports; to left of feet, a stag; to right of feet, a bee. On either side of head, Ε Φ: Ephesos. Style/Period: Hellenistic This coin of Ephesos, a city of ancient Ionia, was probably issued to commemorate the revolt of the province of Asia from Rome in 88-84 BCE. Unlike the Ephesian coins that preceded it, the coin bears no Roman magistrate’s name, and instead patriotically refers to the city’s main claim to fame, its Temple of Artemis, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Originally built in the mid-6th century BCE and rebuilt after a disastrous fire in the 4th century BCE, the temple housed a famous cult statue, which is depicted on this coin to advertise the city’s independence from Rome. The obverse of the coin depicts the city’s patron deity as a huntress, with her quiver over her left shoulder. On the reverse is the famous cult statue, whose many-breasted form probably refers to her association with fertility. She stands with libations pouring from her huge outstretched hands. The turreted polos on her head represents the city’s walls. On the base of the statue are a stag and a bee. The stag refers to Artemis the huntress. The bee is a symbol associated with Artemis at Ephesos; her priestesses were called by the title Melissa or “Bee.” On either side of her head are Greek letters abbreviating the name of the city. -- Frederick Breslow, LU ‘11 Bibliography: B. V. Head, Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics (1911, Chicago reprint 1967) 576; G. W. Elderkin, “The Bee of Artemis,” American Journal of Philology 60 (1939) 203-213; O. Mørkholm, Early Hellenistic Coinage from the Accession of Alexander to the Peace of Apamea (336-188 B.C.) (Cambridge 1991) 25-26, fig 657. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2001.089 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Purchased from Harlan J. Berk, Chicago, IL Title A name given to the resource Gold Stater of Ephesos (Ephesus), 8.46 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/11ef6d05cb8175d63d0aafd6dde29747.jpg 5bdc2a2cc5cb946d7ce7ff00075b19d1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rhegion, (Rhegium), Bruttium, Italy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 480-466 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Mule cart being driven to right by bearded charioteer Reverse: Running hare; RECINON retrograde: Rhegion Style/Period: Early Classical Greece Anaxilas was tyrant of Rhegium in 494 BCE. When the Samians fled Samos after the failed Ionian revolt, Anaxilas enlisted them to invade Zankle. The invasion was a success, and after taking the city, Anaxilas expelled the Samians and renamed the city “Messana” after his home Messene in the Peloponnese. Anaxilas and his family ruled the two cities as tyrants until their expulsion in 461 BCE, and both cities produced joint issues of coins. This coin is a victory coin. Between the years 480 and 413 BCE, beginning with the defeat of Carthage and ending with the failed Athenian expedition, victory coins were being struck around Sicily. Most depicted fast-moving chariots, but this drachm depicts a mule cart on the obverse, perhaps because, according to Aristotle (fr. 578R), Anaxilas won an Olympic victory with a mule cart. Aristotle also explains the hare on the reverse, claiming that Anaxilas introduced hares into Sicily. This claim has been interpreted to mean that he actually did introduce the animal, or that he introduced these coins, popularly known as ‘hares’ (on analogy with the ‘owls’ produced by Athens), but since the hare appears with the god Pan on later coins of Messana, the hare may refer to the cult of Pan that was brought to Messana and Rhegion by the Messenians who originally settled Messana. -- Chris Fuelling, LU '16 Bibliography: C. M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1976) 214-215 Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Bought from Edward Gans, June 12, 1959 Title A name given to the resource Silver drachm of Rhegion (Rhegium), 4.31 g. https://thor.lawrence.edu/omeka/buerger/files/original/fec52fd7fadc3fa252ba253b8ada54bb.jpg 1a47653910238e5723ce04fc3a0a10f5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Otillia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins Description An account of the resource More coming soon... complete collection available on<span><span> ArtStor</span></span><span><span><br /></span></span> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sikyon (Sicyon), Greece Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 400-323 BCE Description An account of the resource Obverse: Chimaera to left; below, ΣΙ: Sikyon abbreviated Reverse: Dove flying to left; Νο in right field Style/Period: Late Classical Greece Located not far from Corinth on the Corinthian Gulf, Sikyon was a wealthy city famous for its sculptors and painters. With the decline of Aeginetan coinage after the Athenian conquest of Aegina in 431 BCE, Sikyon became one of the major Peloponnesian mints until the time of Alexander the Great. The chimaera on the obverse is a fire-breathing monster with the forepart of a lion, the middle part a she-goat, her head rising from its back, and the tail of a serpent. Its significance on the coinage is not certain, but it has been suggested that, since it was a creature that endangered Sikyon’s frequent enemy, Corinth, it was taken up as a symbol of their rivalry. The dove on the reverse is an attribute of Aphrodite, who had a sanctuary in Sikyon and whose chryselephantine cult statue by the sixth-century sculptor Kanachos was one of the principal monuments of the city (Pausanias, Description of Greece II.10.4). -- Rebecca H. Luhmann Levine, LU '93 Bibliography: B. V. Head, Historia Numorum : A Manual of Greek Numismatics (1911, Chicago reprint 1967) 409-412; A Catalogue of the Coins in the British Museum: Peloponnesus (Bologna 1963) 46, no. 118; C. M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (Berkeley and Los Angeles 1976) 98-99. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91.072 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wriston Art Center Galleries, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI,wriston-gallery@lawrence.edu,920-832-6890 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Former collection of Ottilia Buerger. Ex Lockett collection. Purchased from Edward Gans, September 25, 1959 Title A name given to the resource Silver Hemidrachm of Sikyon, 2.87 g.